Currently, the preparation of porous carbon materials with low-cost, high yield and excellent capacitive performance that carbonized carbon precursors in air is suffering from strong technical bottlenecks. In this work, we reported an efficient and simple method for the preparation of high yield porous carbon by carbonizing coal tar pitch (CTP) with the assistance of fire retardants in muffle furnace in air. We investigated in detail the effect of potassium salt fire retardants with different melting points on the yield and morphology of porous carbon, and the fire retarding mechanism in air. Fire retardants could not only prevent CTP from burning completely, but also used as heteroatomic source and morphology regulator to get the heteroatom doped honeycomb structure carbon. It was found that the lower the melting point of the fire retardants, the higher the carbon yield. The yield of N and F doped porous carbon (CKKF₇₀₀-3) prepared by the optimized K₂CO₃-KCl-KF molten salt fire retardant was 40.2 wt%, and exhibited excellent supercapacitor performance (379.8F g⁻¹). The energy density of the symmetrical supercapacitor device composed of CKKF₇₀₀-3 and K₂CO₃ based deep eutectic solvent electrolyte was 43.7 Wh kg⁻¹, and it could work properly at extreme temperature from −25 to 105 °C

目前，以空气中碳化碳前驱体制备低成本、高产率和优异电容性能的多孔碳材料正面临着很大的技术瓶颈。在这项工作中，我们报道了一种高效、简单的方法，通过在马弗炉中在空气中阻燃剂的帮助下碳化煤焦油沥青（CTP）来制备高产率多孔碳。我们详细研究了不同熔点的钾盐阻燃剂对多孔碳产率和形貌的影响，以及在空气中的阻燃机理。阻燃剂不仅可以阻止CTP完全燃烧，而且可以作为杂原子源和形貌调节剂，得到杂原子掺杂的蜂窝结构碳。研究发现，阻燃剂的熔点越低，碳产率越高。N和F掺杂多孔碳(CKKF)的产率优化后的K ₂ CO ₃ -KCl-KF熔盐阻燃剂制备的_{700 -3)含量为40.2 wt%，表现出优异的超级电容器性能(379.8F g} ^-1 )。_{CKKF 700} -3 和K ₂ CO ₃基深共晶溶剂电解质组成的对称超级电容器装置的能量密度为43.7 Wh kg ^-1，可在-25至105 ℃的极端温度下正常工作。