Liposomes and polymersomes are colloidal vesicles that are self-assembled from lipids and amphiphilic polymers, respectively. Because of their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics, they are of great interest in drug delivery research. Today, the applications of liposomes and polymersomes have expanded to a wide variety of complex therapeutic molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes. Thanks to their chemical versatility, they can be tailored to different drug delivery applications to achieve maximum therapeutic index. This review article evaluates liposomes and polymersomes from a perspective that takes into account the physical and biological barriers that reduce the efficiency of the drug delivery process. In this context, the design approaches of liposomes and polymersomes are discussed with representative examples in terms of their physicochemical properties (size, shape, charge, mechanical), targeting strategies (passive and active) and response to different stimuli (pH, redox, enzyme, temperature, light, magnetic field, ultrasound). Finally, the challenges limiting the transition from laboratory to practice, recent clinical developments, and future perspectives are addressed.

脂质体和聚合物囊泡是分别由脂质和两亲聚合物自组装的胶体囊泡。由于它们能够封装亲水性和疏水性疗法，他们对药物输送研究非常感兴趣。今天，脂质体和聚合物囊泡的应用已经扩展到各种复杂的治疗分子，包括核酸、蛋白质和酶。由于它们的化学多功能性，它们可以针对不同的药物输送应用进行定制，以实现最大的治疗指数。这篇评论文章从考虑降低药物递送过程效率的物理和生物障碍的角度评估脂质体和聚合物囊泡。在这种情况下，脂质体和聚合物囊泡的设计方法在物理化学性质（大小、形状、电荷、机械）、靶向策略（被动和主动）和对不同刺激（pH、氧化还原、酶）的反应方面进行了讨论。 , 温度、光、磁场、超声波）。最后，解决了限制从实验室到实践过渡的挑战、最近的临床发展和未来的前景。