血眼屏障及其功能障碍：解剖学、生理学、病理学。,Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde

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血眼屏障及其功能障碍：解剖学、生理学、病理学。
Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde Pub Date : 2023-05-19 , DOI: 10.1055/a-2063-8957
Barbara M Braunger ₁ , Andreas Gießl ₂ , Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt ₂

Affiliation

复杂的屏障包括血-房水 (BAB) 和血-视网膜屏障 (BRB)，并将前后眼房、玻璃体和感觉视网膜与循环分开。它们防止病原体和毒素进入眼睛，控制液体、蛋白质和代谢物的运动，并有助于维持眼部免疫状态。血眼屏障的形态学相关性是相邻内皮细胞和上皮细胞之间的紧密连接，它们充当分子旁路运输的看门人，从而限制它们不受控制地进入眼室和组织。BAB 由虹膜脉管系统的内皮细胞、施累姆氏管内壁的内皮细胞和非色素性睫状上皮细胞之间的紧密连接组成。BRB 由视网膜血管内皮细胞（内部 BRB）和视网膜色素上皮细胞（外部 BRB）之间的紧密连接组成。这些连接复合物对病理生理变化做出快速反应，从而使血源性分子和炎症细胞的血管渗漏到眼组织和房室中。血眼屏障功能可以通过激光耀斑光度法或荧光光度法进行临床测量，在创伤、炎症或感染过程中受到损害，但也经常导致眼前段和视网膜慢性疾病的病理生理学，例如由糖尿病视网膜病变和年龄相关性黄斑变性引起。

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The Blood-ocular Barriers and their Dysfunction: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology.

Complex barriers comprise the blood-aqueous (BAB) and the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and separate anterior and posterior eye chambers, vitreous body, and sensory retina from the circulation. They prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the eye, control movement of fluid, proteins, and metabolites, and contribute to the maintenance of the ocular immune status. Morphological correlates of blood-ocular barriers are tight junctions between neighboring endothelial and epithelial cells, which function as gatekeepers of the paracellular transport of molecules, thereby limiting their uncontrolled access to ocular chambers and tissues. The BAB is composed of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the iris vasculature, endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal inner wall, and cells of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. The BRB consists of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the retinal vessels (inner BRB) and epithelial cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (outer BRB). These junctional complexes respond rapidly to pathophysiological changes, thus enabling vascular leakage of blood-derived molecules and inflammatory cells into ocular tissues and chambers. Blood-ocular barrier function, which can be clinically measured by laser flare photometry or fluorophotometry, is compromised in traumatic, inflammatory, or infectious processes, but also frequently contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic diseases of the anterior eye segment and the retina, as exemplified by diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

更新日期：2023-05-19

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