A new strain, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia GYH, used trichloromethane (TCM) as the only carbon source for its growth was isolated. This strain was the first reported bacterium with TCM aerobic degradation ability. The initial TCM concentration of 8.93 mg·L^-1 resulted in a degradation efficiency of 100% and a mineralization efficiency of 52% under the role of the strain. Based on the carbon balance and chlorine balance, the strain GYH could convert about 40 μg organic C contained by TCM to 20.4 μg inorganic C and 19.4 μg C by biomass, along with the complete dechlorination of TCM in 84 h. The maximum specific growth and biodegradation rates were 0.078 and 0.018 h^-1, respectively. Two TCM-degrading genes were cloned and successfully expressed in the constructed strains, with 66.45% and 23.61% dechlorination efficiency. In combination with gas and ion chromatography detection and genetic analysis, an aerobic biodegradation pathway of TCM was proposed. TCM was finally converted to CO₂, Cl^-, and biomass under the aerobic degradation of the GYH. Such results supply fundamental knowledge for future research to effectively explain the molecular mechanism of TCM aerobic biodegradation and expand the potential industrial application of TCM biodegradation in polluted environments.

分离出一种新菌株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 GYH，它使用三氯甲烷 (TCM) 作为其生长的唯一碳源。该菌株是首次报道的具有中药好氧降解能力的细菌。TCM初始浓度8.93 mg·L ^-1在菌株作用下降解效率为100%，矿化效率为52%。根据碳平衡和氯平衡，菌株GYH可将中药中含有的约40 μg有机碳转化为20.4 μg无机碳和19.4 μg生物量碳，并在84小时内将中药完全脱氯。最大比生长率和生物降解率分别为0.078和0.018 h ^-1， 分别。在构建的菌株中克隆并成功表达了两个中药降解基因，脱氯效率分别为66.45%和23.61%。结合气相色谱和离子色谱检测及遗传分析，提出了中药的好氧生物降解途径。TCM在GYH的有氧降解下最终转化为CO ₂、Cl ^{-和生物质。}该研究结果为未来研究有效解释中药好氧生物降解的分子机制、拓展中药在污染环境中生物降解的潜在工业应用提供了基础知识。