The development of cost-effective and reactive oxygen carriers and the fast and complete conversion of solid fuels are two critical issues in the solid fuel chemical looping technology. Red mud, a solid waste from the alumina industry, was found to be an economic oxygen carrier candidate simultaneously realizing the use of solid wastes and the CO₂ abatement after comparing with other two different iron-based materials (pure Fe₂O₃ and hematite). This study validated red mud as an excellent oxygen carrier to achieve the almost complete conversion of char in solid fuels (SFs) (99.4%) and meanwhile the hydrogen production with high-purity (97% H₂ purity) and higher H₂ yield (around 500 mL/g), in the optimized pyrolysis procedure of solid fuels with proper gasification agent and rationalized reaction temperatures (1000 °C) and residence time (10mins). Characterizations of red mud using SEM-EDS and XRD revealed that the unique microscopic crystalline structures of both Fe₂O₃ and Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ particles nested on Na₄Al₂Si₂O₉ molten substrate, implying that the existence of Na-containing component of the red mud OC likely accounts for its higher reactivity and stability in multiple redox cycles.

开发具有成本效益的活性氧载体和固体燃料的快速完全转化是固体燃料化学循环技术中的两个关键问题。_{氧化铝行业固体废弃物赤泥与其他两种不同的铁基材料（纯Fe 2} O ₃和赤铁矿）相比，被发现是一种经济的氧载体候选物，同时实现了固体废弃物的利用和CO 2 的_减排). 本研究验证了赤泥作为一种出色的氧载体，以实现固体燃料 (SF) 中的焦炭几乎完全转化 (99.4%)，同时生产高纯度（97% H 2 纯度）和更高 H ₂的_氢气在使用适当的气化剂和合理的反应温度（1000 °C）和停留时间（10 分钟）的优化固体燃料热解过程中，产率（约 500 mL/g）。_{使用 SEM-EDS 和 XRD 对赤泥进行表征表明，Fe 2} O ₃和 Ca ₂ Al ₂ SiO ₇颗粒独特的微观晶体结构嵌套在 Na ₄ Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₉熔融基质上，这意味着 Na 的存在含有赤泥 OC 的成分可能是其在多个氧化还原循环中具有更高的反应性和稳定性的原因。