Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) in paddy fields is low, and this fertilizer has lower availability to rice plants. Recently, the application of periphyton to regulate nutrient elements cycle especially P in paddy fields has received special attention. However, the effects of periphyton as well as phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) on rice plant growth, P bioavailability, and its use management in calcareous soils have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of periphyton and their effective PSM on P bioavailability, rice growth parameters, phosphatase activity, P fractionation, and P fertilizer efficiency in a calcareous soil fertilized or non-fertilized with chemical P fertilizer. The results showed that both natural periphytons and PSM-enriched periphytons decreased water-soluble P concentration at the early stages of rice growth but increased the concentration of water-soluble P and soil available P at the late stage of the plant growth. In periphyton treatments, the average pH of water and soil increased by 0.7 and 3 units, respectively. Periphytons led to an increase in the amount of easily available P species, such as Ca₂-P, Ca₁₀-P, and Al-P forms, in the calcareous soil. Periphytons also reduced P fixation in the soil and increased the PUE (2–29%) compared to the treatments without periphyton. The periphytons enriched with PSM showed the highest PUE at different levels of P fertilizer. Periphytons significantly increased rice growth parameters and P concentration in different parts of the rice by increasing soil available P concentration, soil organic matter, and soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. The use of periphyton enriched with PSM can increase PUE for rice in paddy fields. It seems that the use of PSM to decompose periphyton biomass and release accumulated P at the late stages of rice growth is the best strategy for using periphytons in paddy fields.

水田的磷利用效率 (PUE) 较低，这种肥料对水稻植物的利用率较低。最近，附生生物在调节水田中营养元素循环尤其是磷的应用受到了特别关注。然而，附生生物和解磷微生物 (PSM) 对水稻植物生长、磷生物利用度及其在石灰性土壤中的使用管理的影响尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是研究附生生物及其有效 PSM 对施肥或未施化学磷肥的石灰质土壤中磷生物利用度、水稻生长参数、磷酸酶活性、磷分馏和磷肥效率的影响。结果表明，天然附生生物和富含 PSM 的附生生物均降低了水稻生长早期的水溶性磷浓度，但在植物生长后期增加了水溶性磷和土壤有效磷的浓度。在附生生物处理中，水和土壤的平均 pH 值分别增加了 0.7 和 3 个单位。附生生物导致容易获得的 P 物种数量增加，例如 Ca_{在钙质土壤中形成2} -P、Ca ₁₀ -P 和 Al-P。与没有附生​​生物的处理相比，附生生物还减少了土壤中的磷固定并增加了 PUE (2–29%)。富含 PSM 的附生生物在不同磷肥水平下表现出最高的 PUE。附生生物通过增加土壤有效磷浓度、土壤有机质和土壤酸碱性磷酸酶活性，显着提高水稻生长参数和水稻不同部位的磷浓度。使用富含 PSM 的附生生物可以提高水稻在稻田中的 PUE。似乎在水稻生长后期使用 PSM 分解附生生物量并释放积累的 P 是在水稻田中使用附生生物的最佳策略。