Sanctions are a tool used by political actors to induce foreign countries, firms or individuals to alter their behavior. As nonmilitary coercive measure, they have the potential to disrupt the international business environment, often on short notice, and change the rules of the game. Synthesizing the available evidence on the economic and political impacts of sanctions, we explore how sanctions disrupt the institutional framework for international business and how firms respond to sanctions. Based on a review of available scholarly evidence, we discuss how theories of international business, such as institution-based view, resource- and knowledge-based view, resource dependency theory, and behavioral theories of the firm, can contribute to explaining the impact of sanctions. At the same time, we discuss how sanctions, as politically motivated disruptions, challenge some assumptions underlying these theories. Going forward, our research agenda on sanctions is likely to help firms and governments to strategize in a geopolitically sensitive world.

制裁是政治行为者用来诱使外国、公司或个人改变其行为的一种工具。作为非军事胁迫措施，它们有可能扰乱国际商业环境，通常是在短时间内发出通知，并改变游戏规则。综合有关制裁的经济和政治影响的现有证据，我们探讨了制裁如何破坏国际商业的制度框架以及企业如何应对制裁。基于对现有学术证据的回顾，我们讨论了国际商业理论，如基于制度的观点、基于资源和知识的观点、资源依赖理论和企业行为理论，如何有助于解释影响。制裁。同时，我们讨论如何制裁，作为出于政治动机的破坏，挑战这些理论背后的一些假设。展望未来，我们关于制裁的研究议程可能会帮助企业和政府在地缘政治敏感的世界中制定战略。