ABSTRACT

Cultural heritage has continually been employed as a strategic resource in EU external relations and to foster cohesion between member states and pre-accession countries. In these contexts, authorized and hegemonic versions of European and national heritage have been favoured to use culture as ‘soft power.’ While diversity has been an integral part of European heritage conceptions, it is limited in scope and scale and entails exclusions against perceived foreign or peripheral aspects. As participation and community involvement gain more prominent roles in current heritage developments (e.g. UNESCO, ICH, and the Council of Europe’s Faro convention), marginalized or hybrid elements of heritage and abstract values attached to cultural heritage become more important. Based on comparative policy and document analyses of EU policy programs, the paper asks how, as part of such processes, one can observe an emphasis on value-based approaches to heritage as part of EU external relations rather than on specific contents of cultural heritage. The paper examines how EU institutions aim to integrate dissonant heritages and linkages to non-European aspects into authorized forms of heritage by employing a value-based perception of cultural heritage.

摘要

文化遗产一直被用作欧盟对外关系的战略资源，并促进成员国与加入前国家之间的凝聚力。在这些背景下，欧洲和国家遗产的权威版本和霸权版本一直倾向于将文化用作“软实力”。虽然多样性一直是欧洲遗产概念的一个组成部分，但它在范围和规模上是有限的，并且需要排除外来的或外围的方面。随着参与和社区参与在当前的遗产发展中发挥更突出的作用（例如联合国教科文组织、非物质文化遗产和欧洲委员会的法鲁公约），遗产的边缘化或混合元素以及附加在文化遗产上的抽象价值变得更加重要。基于对欧盟政策计划的比较政策和文件分析，该文件询问，作为此类过程的一部分，人们如何能够观察到强调基于价值的遗产处理方法作为欧盟对外关系的一部分，而不是强调文化遗产的具体内容。本文研究了欧盟机构如何旨在通过采用基于价值的文化遗产感知，将不和谐的遗产和与非欧洲方面的联系整合到授权的遗产形式中。