ABSTRACT

This paper aims to reflect on heritage diplomacy by analysing the nature of tensions in Global Heritage Regimes (GHRs) built around the World Heritage Convention and the Intangible Heritage Convention. Combining regime theory with Ostroms’ typology of goods, we claim that the process of transforming the abstract idea of ‘Heritage of Humanity’ (HoH) into an outcome in the form of a heritage list needs to mobilise heritage as diplomacy and also is the result of heritage as diplomacy. At the same time, the transformation generates tension based on the experienced delusion of (1) the expectations built upon the inclusive idea of the ‘Heritage of Humanity’ (public good) and (2) the exclusive character of heritage lists (club goods). We claim that this ‘Inclusion-Exclusion Tension’ (IET) is an inherent element of global heritage regime design and as such needs to be managed through diplomatic efforts.

摘要

本文旨在通过分析围绕《世界遗产公约》和《非物质遗产公约》建立的全球遗产制度 (GHR) 的紧张性质来反思遗产外交。结合制度理论和奥斯特罗姆的物品类型学，我们声称将“人类遗产”（HoH）的抽象概念转化为遗产清单形式的结果的过程需要将遗产作为外交动员，这也是结果遗产作为外交。与此同时，转型产生了基于以下经验错觉的紧张局势：(1) 期望建立在“人类遗产”（公共利益）的包容性理念之上，以及 (2) 遗产名录的排他性（俱乐部利益） . 我们声称这种“包容-排斥张力”(IET) 是全球遗产制度设计的固有要素，因此需要通过外交努力加以管理。