Nanoscale thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes are highly desirable for desalination owing to their excellent separation performance. It is a permanent pursuit to further improve the water flux of membrane without deteriorating the salt rejection. Herein, we fabricated a high-performance polyamide membrane with nanoscale structures through introducing multifunctional crown ether interlayer on the porous substrate impregnated with m-phenylenediamine. The crown ether interlayer can reduce the diffusion of amine monomers to reaction interface influenced by its interaction with m-phenylenediamine and the spatial shielding effect, leading to a controlled interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction. Besides, crown ether with intrinsic cavity is also favorable to adjust the IP process and the microstructure of polyamide layer. Since the outer surface of the nanocavity is lipophilic, crown ether has good solvency with the organic phase, thus attracting more trimesoyl chloride molecules to the interlayer and promoting the IP reaction in the confined space. As a result, a nanoscale polyamide membrane with an ultrathin selective layer of around 50 nm is obtained. The optimal TFC polyamide membrane at crown ether concentration of 0.25 wt.% exhibits a water flux of 61.2 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, which is 364% of the pristine TFC membrane, while maintaining a rejection of above 97% to NaCl. The development of the tailor-made nanoscale polyamide membrane via constructing multifunctional crown ether interlayer provides a straightforward route to fabricate competitive membranes for highly efficient desalination.

纳米级薄膜复合 (TFC) 聚酰胺膜由于其出色的分离性能而非常适合海水淡化。在不降低脱盐率的情况下进一步提高膜的水通量是人们永恒的追求。在此，我们通过在浸渍间苯二胺的多孔基材上引入多功能冠醚夹层，制备了具有纳米级结构的高性能聚酰胺膜。冠醚中间层可以减少胺单体在与间苯二胺的相互作用和空间屏蔽效应的影响下扩散到反应界面，从而导致可控的界面聚合（IP）反应。此外，具有本征空腔的冠醚也有利于调整 IP 过程和聚酰胺层的微观结构。由于纳米腔的外表面是亲油性的，冠醚与有机相具有良好的溶解能力，从而吸引更多的均苯三甲酰氯分子进入层间，促进密闭空间内的IP反应。结果，获得了具有约 50 nm 的超薄选择性层的纳米级聚酰胺膜。在冠醚浓度为 0.25 wt.% 时，最佳 TFC 聚酰胺膜的水通量为 61.2 L·m^-2 ·h ^-1，这是原始TFC 膜的364%，同时保持对NaCl 的排斥率高于97%。通过构建多功能冠醚夹层开发定制的纳米级聚酰胺膜，为制造具有竞争力的高效脱盐膜提供了一条直接的途径。