Asymmetric organocatalysis has been considered to be an efficient and reliable strategy for the stereoselective preparation of optically active chemicals. In particular, chiral tertiary amines as Lewis base organocatalysts bearing core structures including quinuclidine, dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), N-methylimidazole (NMI), amidine, etc. have provided new and powerful tools for various chemical transformations. However, due to the limitations in structural complexity, synthetic difficulty, low catalytic efficiency, and high cost, the industrial application of such catalysts is still far from being widely adopted. Therefore, the development of new chiral tertiary amine catalysts with higher activity and selectivity is greatly desired.

中文翻译：

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手性双环咪唑催化剂的设计、合成及应用

不对称有机催化被认为是立体选择性制备光学活性化学品的有效且可靠的策略。特别是作为路易斯碱有机催化剂的手性叔胺，包括奎宁环、二甲基氨基吡啶（DMAP）、N-甲基咪唑（NMI）、脒等，为各种化学转化提供了新的强大工具。但由于结构复杂、合成难度大、催化效率低、成本高等局限性，此类催化剂的工业化应用还远未得到广泛采用。因此，迫切需要开发具有更高活性和选择性的新型手性叔胺催化剂。