Surface cracks induced by the mining of shallow seams in the gully region seriously threaten mining safety and ecological stability. This paper selected the An-shan coal mine as a typical field prototype to study the initiation and evolution characteristics of surface cracks during the mining process of shallow coal seams in the double-gully region. Based on the field-collected data, the finite difference method model, the scaled laboratory physical model with similar materials, and the analytical model of the field prototype were constructed. Combined with numerical simulation and physical model test results, the initiation locations relative to the excavation faces and the width and faulting features of mining-induced surface cracks were comparatively analyzed. The new function (T) integrating topological parameters of double gullies and its determination criterion were then proposed to locate mining-induced surface cracks relative to the excavation face in the shallow coal seam underneath the double-gully terrain. It was revealed that the positions of surface cracks relative to the excavation face were greatly affected by the depth, slope angle, span, and other features of the gullies, among which the gully slope angle was the main influencing factor. Both T and |T| values were correlated with the relative position of surface crack to the excavation face, crack width, faulting level, and the total number of cracks in the single-gully region. The proposed function (T) could predict accurately from valley parameters the relative positions of surface cracks induced by the mining of shallow coal seam in gully regions.

沟壑区浅煤层开采诱发的地表裂缝严重威胁采矿安全和生态稳定。本文以鞍山煤矿为典型现场样机，研究了双沟区浅煤层开采过程中地表裂缝的萌生演化特征。以现场采集数据为基础，构建了有限差分法模型、类似材料的规模化实验室物理模型和现场样机解析模型。结合数值模拟和物理模型试验结果，对比分析了开挖面相对于开挖面的起裂位置以及采矿诱发地表裂缝的宽度和断层特征。新功能（T) 结合双沟拓扑参数及其确定标准，提出了相对于双沟地形下浅煤层开挖面的采矿诱发地表裂缝的定位。结果表明，地表裂缝相对于开挖面的位置受冲沟深度、坡度、跨度等特征的影响较大，其中冲沟坡度是主要影响因素。T和| T | 数值与地表裂缝与开挖面的相对位置、裂缝宽度、断层程度和单沟区裂缝总数相关。建议的功能（T) 可以根据谷参数准确预测沟壑区浅煤层开采引起的地表裂缝的相对位置。