Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are applied in oil exploitation activity. In this study, non-target and suspect target analyses with high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for identification of novel PFASs in the oilfield environment. A total of thirty-seven PFAS homologues belonging to eight classes were identified as level 4 or above, which partly explained the amount of potential unknown PFAS-precursors that were indicated by total oxidizable precursor assay in our previous study. Hydrogen-substituted and ether-substituted homologues were the main identified PFASs, and seven of them were newly reported homologues. C1-C3 perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were also for the first time identified in the oilfield. The sediment-water partitioning coefficients of most identified PFAS homologues positively correlate with their predicted octanol-water partitioning coefficients while those of C1-C3 PFSAs may have elevated sediment partitioning potential as also previously observed for ultra-short chain C2-C3 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. The crude oil and sludge samples were further examined with the target and identified PFAS profiles. An annual flux of 10.4 kg/y via oil production was estimated in Dagang Oilfield with 16.6% not from the target PFASs. This demonstrates that oil exploitation activities can be a significant underlying source of PFASs to the environment.

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 应用于石油开采活动。在本研究中，利用高分辨率质谱法进行的非目标和可疑目标分析用于识别油田环境中的新型 PFAS。共有 37 个属于 8 个类别的 PFAS 同系物被鉴定为 4 级或以上，这部分解释了我们之前研究中总可氧化前体测定表明的潜在未知 PFAS 前体的数量。氢取代和醚取代的同系物是主要鉴定的PFASs，其中7个是新报道的同系物。C1-C3全氟烷烃磺酸（PFSAs）也首次在油田中被发现。大多数已鉴定的 PFAS 同系物的沉积物-水分配系数与其预测的辛醇-水分配系数呈正相关，而 C1-C3 PFSA 的沉积物分配系数可能具有升高的沉积物分配潜力，正如之前在超短链 C2-C3 全氟烷基羧酸中观察到的那样。用目标进一步检查原油和污泥样品并确定 PFAS 曲线。年通量 10.4 在大港油田，通过石油生产估计有 16.6% 来自目标 PFAS。这表明石油开采活动可能是环境中 PFAS 的重要潜在来源。