Flexible pressure sensors capable of transducing pressure stimuli into electrical signals have drawn extensive attention owing to their potential applications for human-machine interaction and healthcare monitoring. To meet these application demands, engineering microstructures in the pressure sensors are an efficient way to improve key sensing performances, such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, response time, hysteresis, and durability. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the fabrication and application of high-performance flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures. The implementation mechanisms and fabrication strategies of microstructures including micropatterned, porous, fiber-network, and multiple microstructures are systematically presented. The applications of flexible pressure sensors with microstructures in the fields of wearable human-machine interaction, and ex vivo and in vivo healthcare monitoring are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges in the future improvement of flexible pressure sensors toward practical applications are presented.

能够将压力刺激转换为电信号的柔性压力传感器由于其在人机交互和医疗保健监测方面的潜在应用而引起了广泛的关注。为了满足这些应用需求，压力传感器中的工程微结构是提高关键传感性能的有效方法，例如灵敏度、线性传感范围、响应时间、迟滞和耐用性。在这篇综述中，我们概述了通过工程微结构制造和应用高性能柔性压力传感器的最新进展。系统地提出了微图案、多孔、纤维网络和多重微结构等微结构的实现机制和制造策略。全面讨论了微结构柔性压力传感器在可穿戴人机交互、离体和体内健康监测领域的应用。最后，提出了柔性压力传感器未来向实际应用改进的前景和挑战。