Recent right-wing extremist terrorists were active in online fringe communities connected to the alt-right movement. Although these are commonly considered as distinctly hateful, racist, and misogynistic, the prevalence of hate speech in these communities has not been comprehensively investigated yet, particularly regarding more implicit and covert forms of hate. This study exploratively investigates the extent, nature, and clusters of different forms of hate speech in political fringe communities on Reddit, 4chan, and 8chan. To do so, a manual quantitative content analysis of user comments ( N = 6,000) was combined with an automated topic modeling approach. The findings of the study not only show that hate is prevalent in all three communities (24% of comments contained explicit or implicit hate speech), but also provide insights into common types of hate speech expression, targets, and differences between the studied communities.

中文翻译：

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评估边缘社区仇恨言论的程度和类型：8chan、4chan 和 Reddit 上的另类右翼社区案例研究


最近的右翼极端主义恐怖分子活跃在与另类右翼运动有关的在线边缘社区中。尽管这些通常被认为是明显的仇恨、种族主义和厌恶女性的，但这些社区中仇恨言论的普遍性尚未得到全面调查，特别是关于更隐蔽和隐蔽形式的仇恨。本研究探索性地调查了 Reddit、4chan 和 8chan 上政治边缘社区中不同形式仇恨言论的范围、性质和集群。为此，将用户评论 （N = 6,000） 的手动定量内容分析与自动主题建模方法相结合。研究结果不仅表明仇恨在所有三个社区都普遍存在（24% 的评论包含明示或暗示的仇恨言论），而且还提供了对仇恨言论表达的常见类型、目标和研究社区之间差异的见解。