氢氧化镍及相关材料：对其结构、合成和性能的综述,Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

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氢氧化镍及相关材料：对其结构、合成和性能的综述
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2015-02-01 , DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2014.0792
David S. Hall _{1,

2} , David J. Lockwood ₂ , Christina Bock ₂ , Barry R. MacDougall _{1,

2}

Affiliation

这篇评论文章总结了过去几十年对氢氧化镍的研究，氢氧化镍是物理和化学中的一种重要材料，在工程中具有许多应用，包括电池。首先，描述了表示为 α-Ni(OH)2 和 β-Ni(OH)2 的两种已知多晶型物的结构。讨论了氢氧化镍材料中经常存在的各种类型的无序，包括水合、堆垛层错无序、机械应力和离子杂质的掺入。讨论了几种相关材料，包括嵌入的 α-衍生物和碱性镍盐。接下来，总结了许多制备或合成氢氧化镍的方法，包括化学沉淀、电化学沉淀、溶胶-凝胶合成、化学老化、水热和溶剂热合成，电化学氧化、微波辅助合成和声化学方法。最后，回顾了氢氧化镍的已知物理特性，包括它们的磁、振动、光学、电学和机械特性。本文的最后一部分旨在总结这些材料的潜在有用特性以及用于识别和表征“未知”氢氧化镍样品的方法。

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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries. First, the structures of the two known polymorphs, denoted as α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2, are described. The various types of disorder, which are frequently present in nickel hydroxide materials, are discussed including hydration, stacking fault disorder, mechanical stresses and the incorporation of ionic impurities. Several related materials are discussed, including intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts. Next, a number of methods to prepare, or synthesize, nickel hydroxides are summarized, including chemical precipitation, electrochemical precipitation, sol–gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical oxidation, microwave-assisted synthesis, and sonochemical methods. Finally, the known physical properties of the nickel hydroxides are reviewed, including their magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The last section in this paper is intended to serve as a summary of both the potentially useful properties of these materials and the methods for the identification and characterization of ‘unknown’ nickel hydroxide-based samples.

更新日期：2015-02-01

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