Levels of synthetic musk fragrances (SMFs) and various personal care products (PCPs) were measured in the Han River and its tributaries in Seoul, Korea. The most abundant SMF in all river and PCP samples was 4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-1,3,4,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta(g)sochromene (HHCB), followed by 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (AHTN), musk ketone (MK), and 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroinden-4-one (DPMI). The most abundant SMF in both PCPs and the Han River samples was HHCB, followed by AHTN. Moving from upstream to downstream in the Han River, the median SMF concentration was 6.756, 2.945, 0.304, and 0.141 μg/L in the sewage treatment plant (STP) influents, effluents, tributaries, and mainstream, respectively, implying that effective SMF removal was achieved during the sewage treatment process, followed by dilution in the receiving water. Four STPs using advanced biological treatment processes had removal efficiencies of 58.5%, 56.8%, and 38.1% for HHCB, AHTN, and MK, respectively. The highest SMF concentrations in the tributaries were observed at locations close to the STPs. Our study confirmed that the main source of SMFs in the receiving water were sewage effluents containing untreated SMFs, which largely originate from household PCPs, especially hair care products (e.g., shampoo) and perfumes.

中文翻译：

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污水处理厂和汉江中合成麝香的产生和来源

在汉城及其在韩国首尔的支流中测量了合成麝香香料（SMF）和各种个人护理产品（PCP）的水平。在所有河流和PCP样品中，最丰富的SMF为4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基-1,3,4,7-四氢环戊（g）so（HHCB），其次是1-（3,5 ，5,6,8,8-六甲基-6,7-二氢萘-2-基）乙酮（AHTN），麝香酮（MK）和1,1,2,3,3-五甲基-2,5,6 ，7-四氢茚-4-酮（DPMI）。PCP和汉江样品中最丰富的SMF是HHCB，其次是AHTN。从汉江上游向下游移动，污水处理厂（STP）进水，污水，支流和主流中的SMF浓度中位数分别为6.756、2.945、0.304和0.141μg/ L，这意味着有效去除SMF是在污水处理过程中实现的 然后在接收水中稀释。使用高级生物处理工艺的四个STP对HHCB，AHTN和MK的去除效率分别为58.5％，56.8％和38.1％。在靠近STP的位置观察到支流中SMF浓度最高。我们的研究证实，接收水中SMF的主要来源是含有未经处理的SMF的污水，这些污水主要来自家用PCP，尤其是护发产品（如洗发水）和香水。