敲打膝盖：在18至19世纪的英格兰北部，识别外阴生殖器并了解其与维生素D缺乏的关系,International Journal of Osteoarchaeology

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敲打膝盖：在18至19世纪的英格兰北部，识别外阴生殖器并了解其与维生素D缺乏的关系
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 , DOI: 10.1002/oa.2919
Khrystyne Tschinkel ₁ , Rebecca Gowland ₂

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Genu valgum是一种状况，其中人的膝盖向内倾斜并相互触摸，从而在生活中形成“敲打”的外观，并可能导致疼痛和行走困难。外翻膝最常见的原因是胫骨近端的内侧扭转，因此外侧变得更负重。它被认为是维生素D缺乏症和许多其他病理状况的特征。目前，生物考古学家缺乏明确的诊断标准来鉴定骨骼遗体中的外翻，因此很可能未被报道。这项研究的目的是开发一种诊断外翻膝的方法，并将其应用于分析英格兰北部两个18至19世纪骨骼收藏中的成年骨骼。来自教练巷的六个人和来自Fewston的三个人显示了外翻膝的证据。所有这些人都有维生素D缺乏症的其他骨骼指标。我们讨论了维生素D缺乏症与外翻生殖器之间的关系以及临床文献中确定的其他可能病因。在这项研究中出现维生素D缺乏症相关性外阴的个体被诊断出患有青少年病。儿童早期缺乏维生素D的个体在生活后期更有可能缺乏维生素D，并且表现出更高级的膝外翻。在古代病理学文献中，Genu valgum经常被忽视，但是它的存在可能是更广泛的健康问题的重要指标。我们讨论了维生素D缺乏症与外翻生殖器之间的关系以及临床文献中确定的其他可能病因。在这项研究中出现维生素D缺乏症相关性外阴的个体被诊断出患有青少年病。儿童早期缺乏维生素D的个体在生活后期更有可能缺乏维生素D，并且表现出更高级的膝外翻。在古代病理学文献中，Genu valgum经常被忽视，但是它的存在可能是更广泛的健康问题的重要指标。我们讨论了维生素D缺乏症与外翻生殖器之间的关系以及临床文献中确定的其他可能病因。在这项研究中出现维生素D缺乏症相关性外阴的个体被诊断出患有青少年病。儿童早期缺乏维生素D的个体在生活后期更有可能缺乏维生素D，并且表现出更高级的膝外翻。在古代病理学文献中，Genu valgum经常被忽视，但是它的存在可能是更广泛的健康问题的重要指标。儿童早期缺乏维生素D的个体在生活后期更有可能缺乏维生素D，并且表现出更高级的膝外翻。在古代病理学文献中，Genu valgum经常被忽视，但是它的存在可能是更广泛的健康问题的重要指标。儿童早期缺乏维生素D的个体在生活后期更有可能缺乏维生素D，并且表现出更高级的膝外翻。在古代病理学文献中，Genu valgum经常被忽视，但是它的存在可能是更广泛的健康问题的重要指标。

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Knock‐knees: Identifying genu valgum and understanding its relationship to vitamin D deficiency in 18th to 19th century northern England

Genu valgum is a condition in which a person's knees angle inwards and touch one another creating a “knock‐kneed” appearance during life and potentially causing pain and walking difficulties. The most common cause of genu valgum is medial torsion of the proximal tibia, such that the lateral side becomes more weight bearing. It is considered a feature of vitamin D deficiency and many other pathological conditions. Currently, bioarchaeologists lack clear diagnostic criteria to identify genu valgum in skeletal remains, and it is therefore likely to be underreported. The aim of this study was to develop a method for diagnosing genu valgum and apply it to the analysis of adult skeletons from two 18th to 19th century skeletal collections from the North of England. Six individuals from Coach Lane and three from Fewston showed evidence of genu valgum. All of these individuals had other skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency. We discuss the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and genu valgum alongside other possible etiologies identified in the clinical literature. The individuals who presented with vitamin D deficiency related genu valgum in this study were diagnosed with adolescent rickets. Individuals who were vitamin D deficient in early childhood were more likely to be vitamin D deficient later in life and exhibit more advanced genu valgum. Genu valgum is often overlooked in the palaeopathological literature but its presence may be an important indicator of broader health problems.

更新日期：2020-09-02

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