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Biomaterial-mediated internal radioisotope therapy
Materials Horizons ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01761b
Pei Pei 1 , Teng Liu , Wenhao Shen , Zhuang Liu , Kai Yang
Affiliation  

Radiation therapy (RT), including external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and internal radioisotope therapy (RIT), has been an indispensable strategy for cancer therapy in clinical practice in recent years. Ionized atoms and free radicals emitted from the nucleus of radioisotopes can cleave a single strand of DNA, inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells. Thus far, nuclides used for RIT could be classified into three main types containing alpha (α), beta (β), and Auger particle emitters. In order to enhance the bioavailability and reduce the physiological toxicity of radioisotopes, various biomaterials have been utilized as multifunctional nanocarriers, including targeting molecules, macromolecular monoclonal antibodies, peptides, inorganic nanomaterials, and organic and polymeric nanomaterials. Therapeutic radioisotopes have been labeled onto these nanocarriers via different methods (chelating, chemical doping, encapsulating, displacement) to inhibit or kill cancer cells. With the continuous development of research in this respect, more promising biomaterials as well as novel therapeutic strategies have emerged to achieve the high-performance RIT of cancer. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in biomaterial-mediated RIT of cancer and provide guidance for non-experts to understand nuclear medicine and to conduct cancer radiotherapy.

中文翻译:

生物材料介导的内部放射性同位素治疗

放射治疗(RT),包括外照射放疗(EBRT)和体内放射性同位素治疗(RIT),近年来已成为临床实践中不可缺少的癌症治疗策略。放射性同位素核释放的电离原子和自由基可以切割单链DNA,诱导癌细胞凋亡。到目前为止,用于 RIT 的核素可分为三种主要类型,包括 α (α)、β (β) 和俄歇粒子发射器。为了提高放射性同位素的生物利用度并降低其生理毒性,各种生物材料已被用作多功能纳米载体,包括靶向分子、大分子单克隆抗体、多肽、无机纳米材料以及有机和聚合物纳米材料。通过不同的方法(螯合、化学掺杂、封装、置换)来抑制或杀死癌细胞。随着这方面研究的不断发展,出现了更有前景的生物材料以及新的治疗策略,以实现癌症的高性能RIT。在这篇综述文章中,我们总结了生物材料介导的癌症 RIT 的最新进展,并为非专家了解核医学和进行癌症放射治疗提供指导。
更新日期:2021-01-12
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