Hydrofomylation is an important industrial process for aldehyde production which follows the atom-economy principle. In this homogeneous process, the separation and subsequent recycling of the expensive catalyst are fundamental problems. In the Ruhrchemie/Rhone-Poulenc process, hydroformylation is carried out in water and the soluble rhodium catalyst is separated and reused. However, long chain olefins, less soluble in water, are not suitable for this process. Current research is focused on the development of methodologies applicable to longer olefins and compatible with green chemistry rules. Hydroformylation can be carried out using an aqueous/organic biphasic medium or in solventless conditions. Different modifications, including phase transfer agents, surfactants or cyclodextrins were introduced to improve the hydroformylation process in water. In terms of water application, the “on water” strategy applicable to fully hydrophobic systems has been illustrated for different substrates, such as alcohols, esters and dienes. The use of Rh NPs (Rh nanoparticles) as a rhodium source in hydroformylation, as an alternative to soluble coordination compounds, was also shown.

加氢缩醛化是遵循原子经济原理的醛生产的重要工业过程。在这种均质方法中，昂贵催化剂的分离和随后的循环是基本问题。在Ruhrchemie / Rhone-Poulenc方法中，加氢甲酰化在水中进行，可溶性铑催化剂被分离并重新使用。但是，难溶于水的长链烯烃不适合该方法。当前的研究集中在适用于较长烯烃并与绿色化学规则兼容的方法学的发展上。可以使用水/有机双相介质或在无溶剂条件下进行加氢甲酰化。引入了不同的修饰，包括相转移剂，表面活性剂或环糊精，以改善水中的加氢甲酰化过程。在水的应用方面，已经说明了适用于完全疏水性系统的“水上”策略适用于不同的基材，例如醇，酯和二烯。还显示了使用Rh NPs（Rh纳米颗粒）作为加氢甲酰化反应中的铑源，以替代可溶性配位化合物。