The emotion regulation literature has focused primarily on comparing the methods of surface acting and deep acting, yet scholars have also noted the importance of naturally felt emotions as a means for achieving a desired emotional display. The literature has also mainly examined positive displays, yet there are many situations that call for the display of negative emotions. To advance theory and research, we draw from theory on central principles of approach/avoidance motivation to understand why an individual would choose a given emotional display method, as well as the extent to which a given method is beneficial versus harmful to individuals. In doing so, we identify the valence of the emotion being displayed as a critical factor influencing the benefits and detriments of emotional display methods. Results of a 3‐week experience‐sampling study of 218 employees revealed that mood was associated with the natural display of positive emotion, promotion focus was associated with deep acting, and prevention focus was associated with surface acting. In positive display contexts, displaying emotion naturally was most beneficial (in terms of effects on emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work withdrawal), whereas surface acting was most detrimental. In negative contexts, this relationship pattern was reversed.

中文翻译：

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自然而费力地表达情绪：前因，后果和价的作用

情绪调节文献主要集中于比较表面作用和深度作用的方法，但学者们也注意到自然感觉的情绪作为实现所需情绪展示的一种手段的重要性。文献还主要研究了积极的表现，但是在许多情况下，人们需要表现出消极的情绪。为了促进理论和研究的发展，我们从关于进取/回避动机的中心原理的理论中汲取了知识，以了解个人为什么会选择给定的情感展示方法，以及给定的方法在多大程度上有益于个人。通过这样做，我们确定了被展示的情感的价态是影响情感展示方法的利弊的关键因素。对218名员工进行的为期3周的经验抽样研究的结果表明，情绪与积极情绪的自然表现有关，晋升重点与深层行为有关，预防重点与表面行为有关。在正面的展示环境中，自然地展示情感是最有益的（就情感疲惫，工作满意度和工作退缩的影响而言），而表面表现则是最有害的。在消极的情况下，这种关系模式是相反的。工作满意度和退工），而表面行为最有害。在消极的情况下，这种关系模式是相反的。工作满意度和退工），而表面行为最有害。在消极的情况下，这种关系模式是相反的。