Additive Manufacturing ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101677 Joel Bachmann , Elisabeth Gleis , Gabriele Fruhmann , Julius Riedelbauch , Stefan Schmölzer , Olaf Hinrichsen
The two part urethane-methacrylate resin RPU 70, used in DLS, seems to have superior material properties. These properties are achieved by a dual curing process of ultraviolet (UV) and thermal curing. The temperature influence on the processability of the mixed resin and the resulting mechanical properties are still unknown. It was possible to solidify the liquid RPU 70 resin into an elastomer at 60 °C for 15 hours without the influence of UV light by solely harnessing the temperature sensitive crosslinking reaction between part A and part B. The ongoing thermal conversion of the liquid resin into an elastomer was analyzed with viscosity measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Photo-DSC. The latter method proved to be effective in tracking the thermal conversion and to identify optimal exposure times for preheated resins. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a linear evaporation of reactive diluents in RPU 70 over time. In order to investigate the processability and to understand the effects of the thermal curing on mechanical properties, the resin was preheated to 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C for one hour before the dual curing DLS process. Even though, the viscosity of the resin was increased by preheating and additionally by the released reaction heat of the photopolymerization during DLS, the build job could be produced with the same part quality as the unheated resin. Tensile tests were conducted on dual cured specimen and the results showed that with a preheating of the resin for one hour at 50 °C, the tensile modulus of RPU 70 increased 19.56%, while tensile strength and elongation at break values remained in the standard deviation range of the comparison group. The preheating at 60 °C improved elongation at break and tensile modulus 47.61% and 5.54% respectively, while at the same time tensile strength dropped −5.02% compared to no preheating. Apart from the possibility to slightly modify the mechanical properties by preheating the resin before DLS, there are two temperature-dependent challenges for RPU 70 during the DLS process, namely evaporation and undesirable thermal curing. However, there are also new innovative ways to utilize the result of this study that RPU 70 resin can be thermally solidified into an elastomer: the creation of parts that have a hard shell and a soft core. The hard shell can be produced by using DLS, the soft core by pouring the liquid resin in the shell and thermally curing both.
中文翻译:
在数字光合成(DLS)中温度对双固化氨基甲酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯树脂硬质聚氨酯70(RPU 70)的影响的研究
DLS中使用的两部分氨基甲酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯树脂RPU 70似乎具有优越的材料性能。这些特性是通过紫外线(UV)和热固化的双重固化工艺实现的。温度对混合树脂的加工性能和所得机械性能的影响仍然未知。仅通过利用A部分和B部分之间的温度敏感交联反应,就可以在60°C下将液态RPU 70树脂在60°C下固化成弹性体15小时,而不受紫外线的影响。液态树脂正在进行的热转化为通过粘度测量,傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),差示扫描量热法(DSC)和光DSC分析弹性体。事实证明,后一种方法可有效跟踪热转化率并确定预热树脂的最佳曝光时间。此外,热重分析(TGA)显示RPU 70中反应性稀释剂随时间线性蒸发。为了研究可加工性并了解热固化对机械性能的影响,在双固化DLS工艺之前,将树脂预热至30°C,40°C,50°C和60°C达一小时。即使通过预热并另外通过在DLS期间光聚合的释放的反应热来增加树脂的粘度,也可以以与未加热的树脂相同的部件质量来制造成型作业。在双重固化的样品上进行了拉伸试验,结果表明,在50°C下将树脂预热1小时,RPU 70的拉伸模量提高了19.56%,而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率值仍保持在比较组的标准偏差范围内。与没有预热相比,在60°C的预热分别改善了断裂伸长率和47.61%的拉伸模量和5.54%的拉伸模量,同时抗张强度下降了-5.02%。除了通过在DLS之前预热树脂来稍微改变机械性能的可能性外,在DLS过程中RPU 70还存在两个与温度有关的挑战,即蒸发和不良的热固化。但是,还有一些新的创新方法可以利用这项研究的结果,即RPU 70树脂可以热固化为弹性体:创建具有硬壳和软核的零件。可以使用DLS生产硬壳,