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Phosphangulene: A Molecule for All Chemists
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 16.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00511
Alice Heskia 1 , Thierry Maris 1 , James D. Wuest 1
Affiliation  

Phosphangulene (1) is a hexacyclic triarylphosphine with a distinctive conical shape and other features that allow the compound to be viewed from diverse perspectives and to be embraced by chemists from different parts of the field as a molecule worthy of special attention. In recent work, phosphangulene and its derivatives have proven to be effective tools for probing general principles that govern molecular organization in solids. The phosphangulene family is particularly well-suited for these studies because systematic structural changes in the compounds are easy to introduce. In crystals of phosphangulene itself, molecules are stacked efficiently like hats, giving rise to an R3m structure that is polar and pyroelectric. Simple conversion of the compound into phosphangulene oxide (7a) or other chalcogenides blocks effective stacking and forces crystallization to produce alternative structures that have many suboptimal intermolecular interactions and vary little in energy as their geometries are altered. This leads to high levels of polymorphism, and phosphangulene oxide (7a) belongs to the elite set of compounds known to exist in five or more forms characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For similar reasons, phosphangulene chalcogenides form crystals with complex unit cells in which multiple inequivalent molecules are needed to optimize packing, and the compounds are also predisposed to form solvates and mixed crystals containing other molecules. For example, crystallization of a 1:1 mixture of phosphangulene and oxide 7a yielded needles composed of pure phosphangulene along with crystals of the oxide containing substantial amounts of phosphangulene. Phosphangulene has one known polymorph, and its crystallization rejects the oxide. In contrast, the oxide is highly polymorphic, and its crystallization is prone to errors in which molecules in the lattice are replaced by other compounds. Packing in crystals of the oxide appears to be so ineffective that the orientation and even the identity of the molecular components can be varied without imposing severe energetic penalties.

中文翻译:

磷脂烯:所有化学家的分子

phohanghangulene(1)是具有独特圆锥形状和其他特征的六环三芳基膦,可从多种角度观察该化合物,并被本领域不同领域的化学家所接受,是值得特别关注的分子。在最近的工作中,已证明磷腈及其衍生物是探测控制固体分子组织的一般原理的有效工具。磷腈家族特别适合这些研究,因为化合物中的系统结构变化易于引入。在磷腈分子本身的晶体中,分子像帽子一样有效地堆叠,从而产生R 3 m极性和热电结构。简单地将化合物转化为氧化三茂铁(7a)或其他硫族化物会阻止有效堆叠,并迫使结晶产生具有许多次优分子间相互作用且随着几何形状改变而能量变化很小的替代结构。这导致高水平的多态性和氧化三苯并菲(7a)属于一组已知以五种或以上形式存在的化合物的特征,这些特征以单晶X射线衍射为特征。由于类似的原因,磷腈硫属元素化物与复杂的晶胞形成晶体,其中需要多个不等价的分子来优化堆积,并且这些化合物也容易形成溶剂化物和包含其他分子的混合晶体。例如,磷腈和氧化物7a的1:1混合物的结晶产生由纯的磷腈和含有大量磷腈的氧化物晶体组成的针。phohanghangulene具有一种已知的多晶型物,其结晶排斥氧化物。相反,该氧化物是高度多晶型的,并且其结晶易于产生错误,其中晶格中的分子被其他化合物替代。氧化物晶体中的堆积似乎非常无效,以至于可以改变分子成分的取向甚至身份,而不会施加严重的能量损失。
更新日期:2020-10-21
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