The guided bone regeneration (GBR) concept has been extensively utilized to treat maxillofacial bone defects in clinical practice. However, the repair efficacy of currently available GBR membranes is often compromised by their limited bone regeneration potential and deficient antibacterial activity. In this study, inspired by the bi-layered structure design of the commonly used Bio-Gide^Ⓡmembrane, we designed and fabricated a new kind of multifunctional bi-layered “GBR scaffold” combining solution electrospinning writing (SEW) and solution electrospinning (SES) techniques using a single SEW printer. Copper-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Cu@MSNs) were incorporated into the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/gelatin (PLGA/Gel, denoted as PG) fiber matrix to construct a composite PG-Cu@MSNs fibrous scaffold. The obtained GBR scaffold consisted of a loose and porous SEW layer to support and facilitate bone ingrowth, and a dense and compact SES layer to resist non-osteoblast interference. The resulting enhanced mechanical properties, coordinated degradation profile, and facile preparation procedure imparted the composite scaffold with good clinical feasibility. In vitro biological experiments indicate that the PG-Cu@MSNs composite scaffold exhibited favorable osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, an in vivo rat periodontal defect model further confirmed the promising bone regeneration efficacy of the PG-Cu@MSNs scaffold. In conclusion, the developed electrowritten Cu@MSNs-incorporated bi-layered scaffold with hierarchical architecture and concurrent osteogenic and antibacterial functions may hold great potential for application in GBR.

在临床实践中，引导骨再生（GBR）概念已被广泛用于治疗颌面部骨缺损。但是，目前可用的GBR膜的修复功效常常因其有限的骨再生潜力和不足的抗菌活性而受到损害。在这项研究中，受常用Bio-Gide bi双层结构设计的^启发膜，我们设计和制造了一种新型的多功能双层“ GBR支架”，它使用一台SEW打印机将溶液电纺写（SEW）和溶液电纺（SES）技术相结合。将负载铜的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子（Cu @ MSNs）掺入聚乳酸-乙醇酸/明胶（PLGA / Gel，表示为PG）纤维基质中，以构建PG-Cu @ MSNs复合纤维支架。所获得的GBR支架由疏松和多孔的SEW层组成，以支撑和促进骨骼向内生长，以及致密而致密的SES层，以抵抗非成骨细胞的干扰。由此产生的增强的机械性能，协调的降解曲线和简便的制备程序使复合支架具有良好的临床可行性。体外生物学实验表明，PG-Cu @ MSNs复合支架具有良好的成骨和抗菌性能。此外，体内大鼠牙周缺损模型进一步证实了PG-Cu @ MSNs支架的有希望的骨再生功效。综上所述，具有层次结构，同时兼具成骨和抗菌功能的已开发的电写结合Cu @ MSNs的双层支架可能在GBR中具有广阔的应用前景。