<br>DNA 氧化损伤、修复和由此产生的突变的基因组学。,Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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DNA 氧化损伤、修复和由此产生的突变的基因组学。
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.013
Anna R Poetsch ₁

Affiliation

活性氧对 DNA 是一种持续的威胁，因为它们会修饰碱基，从而有破坏基因组功能、诱导基因组不稳定和突变的风险。此类风险是由原发性 DNA 氧化损伤造成的，也是由修复过程介导的。这导致细胞需要做出一个微妙的决策过程，决定是修复特定基因组位置处的受损碱基，还是最好不修复它。持续的 DNA 损伤会破坏基因组功能，但另一方面，它也可以通过作为表观遗传标记来促进基因调控。当这些过程失去平衡时，病理生理状况可能会加速，因为氧化 DNA 损伤和由此产生的诱变过程与衰老、炎症以及多种与年龄相关的疾病（如癌症和神经退行性疾病）的发展密切相关。最近的技术进步和新颖的数据分析策略表明，氧化 DNA 损伤、其修复和相关突变以多个分辨率水平在基因组中异质分布。所涉及的机制在基因组序列的背景下发挥作用，与基因组功能和染色质相互作用。这篇综述探讨了我们目前所了解的氧化 DNA 损伤、修复中间体和突变的基因组分布。它将特别关注测量氧化 DNA 损伤分布的各种方法，并讨论从不同方法得出的机制结论。它还将解决 DNA 氧化损伤的后果，特别是它如何引起突变、基因组不稳定，以及它如何充当表观遗传标记。

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The genomics of oxidative DNA damage, repair, and resulting mutagenesis.

Reactive oxygen species are a constant threat to DNA as they modify bases with the risk of disrupting genome function, inducing genome instability and mutation. Such risks are due to primary oxidative DNA damage and also mediated by the repair process. This leads to a delicate decision process for the cell as to whether to repair a damaged base at a specific genomic location or better leave it unrepaired. Persistent DNA damage can disrupt genome function, but on the other hand it can also contribute to gene regulation by serving as an epigenetic mark. When such processes are out of balance, pathophysiological conditions could get accelerated, because oxidative DNA damage and resulting mutagenic processes are tightly linked to ageing, inflammation, and the development of multiple age-related diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent technological advancements and novel data analysis strategies have revealed that oxidative DNA damage, its repair, and related mutations distribute heterogeneously over the genome at multiple levels of resolution. The involved mechanisms act in the context of genome sequence, in interaction with genome function and chromatin. This review addresses what we currently know about the genome distribution of oxidative DNA damage, repair intermediates, and mutations. It will specifically focus on the various methodologies to measure oxidative DNA damage distribution and discuss the mechanistic conclusions derived from the different approaches. It will also address the consequences of oxidative DNA damage, specifically how it gives rise to mutations, genome instability, and how it can act as an epigenetic mark.

更新日期：2020-04-20

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