Living cells have evolved over billions of years to develop structural and functional complexity with numerous intracellular compartments that are formed due to liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Discovery of the amazing and vital roles of cells in life has sparked tremendous efforts to investigate and replicate the intracellular LLPS. Among them, all‐aqueous emulsions are a minimalistic liquid model that recapitulates the structural and functional features of membraneless organelles and protocells. Here, an emerging all‐aqueous microfluidic technology derived from micrometer‐scaled manipulation of LLPS is presented; the technology enables the state‐of‐art design of advanced biomaterials with exquisite structural proficiency and diversified biological functions. Moreover, a variety of emerging biomedical applications, including encapsulation and delivery of bioactive gradients, fabrication of artificial membraneless organelles, as well as printing and assembly of predesigned cell patterns and living tissues, are inspired by their cellular counterparts. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for further advancing the cell‐inspired all‐aqueous microfluidics toward a more powerful and versatile platform are discussed, particularly regarding new opportunities in multidisciplinary fundamental research and biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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细胞启发的全水微流体：从细胞内液-液相分离到先进生物材料

活细胞经过数十亿年的进化，形成了结构和功能的复杂性，并具有由于液-液相分离（LLPS）而形成的众多细胞内区室。细胞在生命中惊人而重要的作用的发现激发了研究和复制细胞内 LLPS 的巨大努力。其中，全水乳液是一种简约的液体模型，概括了无膜细胞器和原始细胞的结构和功能特征。在这里，提出了一种源自 LLPS 微米级操作的新兴全水微流体技术；该技术能够实现具有精致结构和多样化生物功能的先进生物材料的最先进设计。此外，各种新兴的生物医学应用，包括生物活性梯度的封装和传递、人造无膜细胞器的制造，以及预先设计的细胞图案和活组织的打印和组装，都是受到细胞对应物的启发。最后，讨论了进一步推进细胞启发的全水微流体向更强大和多功能平台发展的挑战和前景，特别是关于多学科基础研究和生物医学应用的新机遇。