鉴定禽血蛋白的新载体种类，并描述确定血友病寄生虫天然载体的方法。,Parasites & Vectors

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鉴定禽血蛋白的新载体种类，并描述确定血友病寄生虫天然载体的方法。
Parasites & Vectors ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-20 , DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3559-8
Rasa Bernotienė ₁ , Rita Žiegytė ₁ , Gabrielė Vaitkutė ₁ , Gediminas Valkiūnas ₁

Affiliation

背景技术血吸虫的寄生虫是由二倍体吸血昆虫传播的，但是对于大多数所述物种而言，某些载体仍未被鉴定。基于PCR的灵敏方法通常用于检测野生昆虫中的血吸虫感染。但是，仅靠这种方法不能区分孢子形成的不同阶段，因此不足以证明这些寄生虫会产生感染阶段（子孢子），这对于传播至关重要。为了证明PCR阳性昆虫可以作为载体，需要记录子孢子。我们开发了一种方法来确定禽类变形杆菌和其他血孢子虫的天然载体。这种方法的本质是将基于PCR的显微镜诊断工具并行应用于昆虫的子孢子检测。方法咬住C的库蚊可传播禽血红杆菌寄生虫，但涉及传播的某些昆虫种类仍未得到充分研究。在野外收集并鉴定出叮咬的ges；剖宫产雌性，制备含唾液腺的胸内容物。使用基于PCR的方法筛选解剖的mid的残留物。显微镜下仅检查胸腔的PCR阳性咬mid制剂。结果总共收集并解剖了属于15个物种的460名产卵雌性。在属于7个物种的32例解剖昆虫中检出了血孢子虫的DNA。在对血生变形杆菌寄生虫PCR阳性的胸腔样本中，有两种制剂在子显微镜下对子孢子呈阳性。两种叮咬mid都是库比库里奇。已鉴定出苍白变形杆菌（hPFC1），表明该感染的传播发生在研究部位。事实证明，有7种叮咬蚊子在野外自然摄取鸟食。结论库比库蚊（Culicoides kibunensis）是禽血蛋白的一种新的载体种类，并且是苍白螺旋体的天然载体。大量研究已通过实验鉴定出变形血红球菌的载体。然而，这是旧世界首次直接鉴定血红蛋白感染的天然载体。我们建议使用所描述的方法对野生变形杆菌和其他血孢子虫进行载体研究。结论库比库蚊是一种新的禽血蛋白载体，是苍白螺旋体的天然载体。大量研究已通过实验鉴定出变形血红球菌的载体。然而，这是旧世界首次直接鉴定血红蛋白感染的天然载体。我们建议使用所描述的方法对野生变形杆菌和其他血孢子虫进行载体研究。结论库比库蚊是一种新的禽血蛋白载体，是苍白螺旋体的天然载体。大量研究已通过实验鉴定出变形血红球菌的载体。然而，这是旧世界首次直接鉴定血红蛋白感染的天然载体。我们建议使用所描述的方法对野生变形杆菌和其他血孢子虫进行载体研究。

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Identification of a new vector species of avian haemoproteids, with a description of methodology for the determination of natural vectors of haemosporidian parasites.

BACKGROUND Haemosporidian parasites are transmitted by dipteran blood-sucking insects but certain vectors remain unidentified for the great majority of described species. Sensitive PCR-based methods are often used for the detection of haemosporidian infection in wild-caught insects. However, this approach alone cannot distinguish between different sporogonic stages and thus is insufficient to demonstrate that the parasites produce the infective stage (sporozoite), which is essential for transmission. To prove that PCR-positive insects could act as vectors, the record of sporozoites is needed. We developed a methodology for the determination of natural vectors of avian Haemoproteus species and other haemosporidians. The essence of this approach is to apply PCR-based and microscopic diagnostic tools in parallel for sporozoite detection in insects. METHODS Culicoides biting midges transmit avian Haemoproteus parasites, but certain insect species, which are involved in transmission, remain insufficiently investigated. Biting midges were collected in the wild and identified; parous females were dissected and preparations of thorax content containing salivary glands were prepared. Remnants of the dissected midges were screened using PCR-based methods. Only thorax preparations of PCR-positive biting midges were examined microscopically. RESULTS In total, 460 parous females belonging to 15 species were collected and dissected. DNA of haemosporidians was detected in 32 (7%) of dissected insects belonging to 7 species. Of the thorax samples PCR-positive for Haemoproteus parasites, two preparations were microscopically positive for sporozoites. Both biting midges were Culicoides kibunensis. Haemoproteus pallidus (hPFC1) was identified, indicating that transmission of this infection occurs at the study site. It was proved that seven species of biting midges take bird blood meals naturally in the wild. CONCLUSIONS Culicoides kibunensis is a new vector species of avian haemoproteids and is a natural vector of H. pallidus. Numerous studies have identified vectors of Haemoproteus parasites experimentally; however, this is the first direct identification of a natural vector of Haemoproteus infection in the Old World. We suggest using the described methodology for vector research of Haemoproteus and other haemosporidians in the wild.

更新日期：2019-06-18

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