Excessive CO2and food shortage are two grand challenges of human society.Directly converting CO2into food materials can simultaneously alleviate both,like what green crops do in nature. Nevertheless, natural photosynthesis hasa limited energy efficiency due to low activity and specificity of key enzymeD-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). To enhancethe efficiency, many prior studies focused on engineering the enzymes, butthis study chooses to learn from the nature to design more efficient reactors.This work is original in mimicking the stacked structure of thylakoids inchloroplasts to immobilize RuBisCO in a microreactor using the layer-by-layerstrategy, obtaining the continuous conversion of CO2into glucose precursorat 1.9 nmol min−1with enhanced activity (1.5 times), stability (≈8times),andreusability (96% after 10 reuses) relative to the free RuBisCO. Themicroreactors are further scaled out from one to six in parallel and achieve theproduction at 15.8 nmol min−1with an energy conversion efficiency of 3.3times of rice, showing better performance of this artificial synthesis than NPSin terms of energy conversion efficiency. The exploration of the potential ofmass production would benefit both food supply and carbon neutralization.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202305629