Engineered nanocarriers have been widely developed for tumor theranostics, however, delivering imaging probes or therapy drugs to the tumor pre-formation site for early and accurate detection and therapy is still a major challenge. Here we developed a triple-modality nanoprobe IRDye800-M-HFn by using tailor-functionalized human H-ferritin (HFn) and achieved early imaging of tumor cells before the formation of solid tumor tissues. Then we developed HFn-Dox drug delivery system by loading doxorubicin (Dox) into the HFn protein cage and achieved early therapy of early-stage tumor. Intravenous injection of the HFn nanoprobes enable imaging of tumor cells as early as two days after tumor implantation, and the triple-modality imaging techniques, near infrared fluorescence molecular imaging (NIR-FMI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/photoacoustic imaging (PAI) insured the accuracy of the detection. Further exploration indicated that HFn can specifically penetrate into pre-solid tumor site by tumor-associated inflammation mediated blood vessel leakage, followed by effectively accumulating in tumor cells by the specific targeting property of HFn to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). Thus, HFn-Dox delivered Dox into the tumor pre-formation site and effectively killed tumor cells at early-stage. IRDye800-M-HFn nanoprobes and HFn-Dox provide promising strategies for early-stage tumor diagnosis and constructive implications for early-stage tumor treatment.