Hightlights

1. A theoretical model of Bessel beam processing α-quartz is proposed.

2. Rapid evolutions in electron density and temperature affect the optical properties.

3. The optical penetration depth decreases rapidly at the edge of focused region.

4. The localized laser intensity leads to the high electron density from ionization.

5. A new perspective for the propagation of Bessel beam in dielectrics is presented.