英文题目：Global impacts of aviation on air quality evaluated at high resolution

       中文题目：高分辨率航空排放对全球空气质量的影响评估

       作者：Sebastian D. Eastham, Guillaume P. Chossière, Raymond L. Speth, Daniel J. Jacob, and Steven R. H. Barrett

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2687-2024

       期刊名称：Atmospheric Chemistry and Physic

       期刊分区：JCR Q1

       IF: 6.3

       主要结果图

       摘要：Aviation emissions cause global changes in air quality which have been estimated to result in ∼58000 premature mortalities per year, but this number varies by an order of magnitude between studies. The causes of this uncertainty include differences in the assessment of ozone exposure impacts and in how air quality changes are simulated, as well as the possibility that low-resolution (∼400 km) global models may overestimate impacts compared to finer-resolution (∼50 km) regional models. We use the GEOS-Chem High-Performance chemistry-transport model at a 50 km global resolution, an order of magnitude finer than recent assessments of the same scope, to quantify the air quality impacts of aviation with a single internally consistent global approach. We find that aviation emissions in 2015 resulted in 21200 (95% confidence interval due to health response uncertainty: 19400–22900) premature mortalities due to particulate matter exposure and 53100 (36000–69900) due to ozone exposure. Compared to a prior estimate of 6800 ozone-related premature mortalities for 2006 our central estimate is increased by 5.6 times due to the use of updated epidemiological data, which includes the effects of ozone exposure during winter, and by 1.3 times due to increased aviation fuel burn. The use of fine (50 km) resolution increases the estimated impacts on both ozone and particulate-matter-related mortality by a further 20% compared to coarse-resolution (400 km) global simulation, but an intermediate resolution (100 km) is sufficient to capture 98% of impacts. This is in part due to the role of aviation-attributable ozone, which is long-lived enough to mix through the Northern Hemisphere and exposure to which causes 2.5 times as much health impact as aviation-attributable PM_2.5. This work shows that the air quality impacts of civil aviation emissions are dominated by the hemisphere-scale response of tropospheric ozone to aviation NO_x rather than local changes and that simulations at ∼100km resolution provide similar results to those at a 2 times finer spatial scale. However, the overall quantification of health impacts is sensitive to assumptions regarding the response of human health to exposure, and additional research is needed to reduce uncertainty in the physical response of the atmosphere to aviation emissions.

       英文题目：The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021

       中文题目：基于ADS-B（GAIA）的2019-2021年高分辨率全球航空排放清单

       作者：Roger Teoh, Zebediah Engberg, Marc Shapiro, Lynnette Dray, and Marc E. J. Stettler

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024

       期刊名称：Atmospheric Chemistry and Physic

       期刊分区：JCR Q1

       IF: 6.3

主要结果图

       摘要：Aviation emissions that are dispersed into the Earth’s atmosphere affect the climate and air pollution, with significant spatiotemporal variation owing to heterogeneous aircraft activity. In this paper, we use historical flight trajectories derived from Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) telemetry and reanalysis weather data for 2019–2021 to develop the Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA). In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel, leading to CO₂, NO_X and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions of 893 Tg, 4.49 Tg, 21.4 Gg and 2.8×10²⁶ respectively. Global responses to COVID-19 led to reductions in the annual flight distance flown and CO₂ and NO_X emissions in 2020 (−43 %, −48% and −50% respectively relative to 2019) and 2021 (−31 %, −41% and −43% respectively), with significant regional variability. Short-haul flights with durations <3 h accounted for 83% of all flights but only for 35% of the 2019 CO₂ emissions, while long-haul flights with durations >6 h (5% of all flights) were responsible for 43% of CO₂ and 49% of NO_X emissions. Globally, the actual flight trajectories flown are, on average, ∼5% greater than the great circle path between the origin and destination airports, but this varies by region and flight distance. An evaluation of 8705 unique flights between London and Singapore showed large  variabilities in the flight  trajectory profile, fuel consumption and emission indices. GAIA captures the spatiotemporal distribution of aviation activity and emissions and is provided for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.

       英文题目：Cruise altitude patterns for minimizing fuel consumption and emission: A detailed analysis of five prominent aircraft

       中文题目：燃料消耗和排放最小化的巡航高度模式：对五种典型飞机的详细分析

       作者：Selcuk Ekici , Murat Ayar , Ilkay Orhan , Tahir Hikmet Karakoc

       关键词：Commercial aircraft; Cruise; Emissions; Flight phase; Gas turbine engine; Sustainable development goals

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130989

       期刊名称：Energy

       期刊分区：JCR Q1

       IF：9.0

主要结果图

       摘要: This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of fuel consumption and emissions associated with the installation of the most commonly used engine combinations currently available on five distinct types of BADA 4 (Base of Aircraft Data), ANP (Aircraft Noise and Performance), and AEM (Advanced Emissions Model) aircraft supplied by two distinct aircraft manufacturers to the civil air transport sector. The comparison spans a total of 18 flight scenarios (90 flights) for each aircraft, ranging in altitude from FL300 to FL385. To achieve this, the research employs a comprehensive approach encompassing data acquisition from EUROCONTROL's Integrated Aircraft Noise and Emissions Modelling Platform (IMPACT), robust data analysis, and advanced statistical techniques. The goal of this study is to investigate variations in fuel consumption and emissions at different cruising altitudes for various commercial aircraft types, assessing the veracity of the commonly assumed decrease in fuel consumption and associated emissions with altitude, and exploring the impact of individual aircraft assessments on the precision and comprehensiveness of environmental impact assessments in civil aviation flight operations. The work seeks to answer the following the main research question: Does every aircraft's fuel consumption and related emissions truly decrease with increasing altitude, according to conventional methodologies and general assumptions?