英文题目：The impact of revolutionary aircraft designs on global aviation emissions

       中文题目：革命性飞机设计对全球航空排放的影响

       作者：Ivo Abrantes , Ana F. Ferreira , Leandro B. Magalhães , Mário Costa , André Silva 

       关键词：Aircraft、Aviation、Scenarios、CO₂emissions

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.119937

       期刊名称：Renewable Energy

       期刊分区：JCR Q1

       IF：8.7

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       摘要：The discussion about the environmental impact caused by aviation has gained greater prominence due to the increased demand for this sector and, consequently, the increase in the number of flights. Environmental concerns have stimulated the development of novel approaches to reduce pollutants and CO₂ emissions. This study aims to assess the impact of disruptive concepts on commercial aircraft by reducing CO₂ emissions by 50% by 2050. In this regard the fleet system dynamics model is used to assess the effects of technological progress on future air transport systems. It accounts for the manufacturer’s production capabilities and current projections and forecasts on the needs and evolution of global air transport, as well as their expected entry into service. The main factors reported were production capacity, year of entry of the technology/concept, and the transport capacity and range of aircraft. The sensitivity study on the production capacity of new aircraft/concepts showed that with a 15% increase, emissions can be reduced between 1 and 2.6%, depending on the case and scenario. On the other hand, increasing the aircraft production capacity could lead to a problem of overcapacity.

       英文题目：Increased Impact of Aviation on Air Quality and Human Health in China

       中文题目：航空业对中国空气质量和人体健康的影响增加

       作者：Jingran Zhang, Yiliang Jiang, Yunjie Wang, Shaojun Zhang,Ye Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Chris P. Nielsen, Michael B.McElroy, and Jiming Hao

       关键词：Aviation, Air quality, Human health, Environmental impact

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c05821

       期刊名称：Environmental Science & Technology

 

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       摘要：China’s civil aviation market has rapidly expanded, becoming the world’s second-largest. However, the air quality and health impacts caused by its aircraft emissions have been inadequately assessed. Here, we leverage an updated emission inventory of air pollutants with improved temporal and spatial resolution based on hundreds of thousands of flight trajectories and simulate aviation-attributable contributions to ground-level air pollution in China. We find that in 2017, the annual-average aviation-attributed PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations were 0.4−1.5 and 10.6−14.5 μg·m⁻³, respectively, suggesting that aviation emissions have become an increasingly important source of ambient air pollution. The contributions attributable to high-altitude emissions (climb/cruise/descent) were comparable to those at low altitudes (landing and takeoff). Aviation-attributed ambient PM_2.5 and O₃ exposures are estimated to have caused about 67,000 deaths in China in 2017, with populous coastal regions in Eastern China suffering the most due to the dense aviation activity. We recommend that industrial and policy stakeholders expedite an agenda of regulating air pollutants harmonized with decarbonization efforts for a more sustainable aviation future.

       英文题目：Emissions of ultrafine particles from civil aircraft: dependence upon aircraft type and passenger load

       中文题目：民用飞机超细颗粒物的排放：与飞机类型和乘客载荷的关系

       作者：Brian Stacey, Roy M. Harrison, Francis D. Pope

       原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00477-1

       期刊名称：npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

       期刊分区：JCR Q1

       IF: 9.0

 

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       摘要：Very high concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) were measured at Heathrow Airport London. Exposure to UFP is strongly linked to adverse health effects and guidance for exposure limits has recently been provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Using 1 s resolution UFP measurements and aircraft GPS data, measurements were assigned to individual aircraft and their operating mode, and this information was used to model UFP emission rates. In all cases, the highest emission rates were associated with departing aircraft, with rates for larger aircraft higher than smaller aircraft. Emission rates per passenger is influenced by the number of passengers carried, especially for arriving aircraft. Calculated emission rates are significantly higher than stated literature values, due to the inclusion of condensable particles in the measurements. These condensable particles are specifically not included in the regulated emission rates. Measured UFP concentrations within the airport boundary (and therefore not accessible to the general public) exceed the WHO guidance, indicating that UFP concentrations outside of the airport boundary could also be of concern. Assessing population exposure close to airports will be of increasing importance in future.