基于光/电催化重整的废弃塑料回收研究进展

合成高分子材料因其优异的机械性能、化学稳定性及加工便利性，在民生、工业及医疗领域展现出不可替代的应用价值。然而，随着全球年产量突破4.6亿吨，其环境持久性特征导致废弃塑料在生态系统中呈现显著累积效应，构成了对地球关键生态系统的持续性威胁。光催化和电催化重整技术由于其低能耗、环境友好以及能够将废弃塑料选择性转化为高价值产品等优点，成为塑料可持续发展的关键技术。文章总结了近年来光催化和电催化重整废弃塑料的研究进展，重点探讨了光/电重整的反应机理、不同基质催化剂的构效关系、多个耦合反应之间的协同作用以及重整系统对反应效率和产物选择性的影响。虽然这两种重整技术已取得诸多进展，但仍面临催化效率低、产物选择性差、分离/纯化过程复杂等挑战。最后，针对当前光/电催化重整系统存在反应效率、选择性和转化效率等方面存在的问题，提出了未来的研究重点，为循环化工的发展提供重要支撑。

Synthetic polymer materials show irreplaceable application value in livelihood, industry and medical fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability and processing convenience. However, with the global annual production exceeding 460 million tons, their environmental persistence characteristics lead to significant cumulative effects of waste plastics in ecosystems, posing a persistent threat to the Earth's critical ecosystems. Because of their low energy consumption, environmental friendliness and ability to selectively convert waste plastics into high-value products, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reforming technologies have become key skills for sustainable development of plastics. This review summarizes recent progress in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reforming of waste plastics, focusing on discussing the reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic/electrocatalytic reforming, structure-activity relationship of different catalyst substrates, synergistic effect of multiple coupling reactions and the influence of reforming system on reaction efficiency and product selectivity. Although these reforming technologies have made a lot of progress, they still face challenges such as low reaction efficiency and poor selectivity and complex separation/purification process. Finally, in view of these problems the future research priorities are proposed, which can facilitate the development of circular chemical.

废弃塑料的化学升级转化

Chemical upgrading and transforming for waste plastics

期刊名称：能源环境保护

发表日期: 2025年2月21日

文章链接: https://doi.org/10.20078/j.eep.20250201

作者列表: 苗芯嘉，钟海红*，杨玮婷，冯拥军*，苏忠民

期刊信息: 能源环境保护, 2025,10.20078/j.eep.20250201.