【Title】Metal-polyphenol nanoplatform facilitates the healing of infected wounds through a combination of bacterial phototherapy and ferroptosis

【Abstract】Wound infections present a significant clinical challenge, as the antibiotics commonly utilized in treating infected wounds confront the pressing issue of bacterial resistance. Consequently, it is imperative to develop antibacterial materials that can diminish reliance on antibiotics for effective management of such infections. In this study, we introduce a novel metal-polyphenol nanoplatform (designated as ICG@Fe-Qu) that synergistically integrates photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and ferroptosis for the treatment of infected wounds. ICG@Fe-Qu is constructed through one-step assembly of quercetin (Qu), Fe²⁺ and indocyanine green (ICG) in an aqueous solution. Upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, ICG@Fe-Qu generates localized heat for PTT, which disrupts bacterial membranes and facilitates iron ion penetration into bacterial interiors. Concurrently, ICG produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under NIR irradiation for PDT applications. Combined with Fe-mediated Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals for CDT, substantial ROS is generated to induce lipid peroxidation ultimately leading to bacterial ferroptosis. Importantly, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate robust bactericidal activity of ICG@Fe-Qu against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, along with efficient eradication of bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, ICG@Fe-Qu enhances fibroblast migration and accelerates wound healing processes, indicating its promising potential for treating infected wounds in clinics. 

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