Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have greatly increased the need for biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology and blood biomarker tests offer an accessible and scalable biomarker test. This Consensus Statement provides recommendations for the minimum acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests for clinical use.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncertainties remain about its implementation in clinical practice and treatment protocols need to be optimized. This Consensus Statement provides guidance and recommendations for the use of AHSCT in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Brain cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood, carrying diverse cargoes, represent a valuable source of predictive, diagnostic, prognostic, disease-monitoring and treatment-response biomarkers for neurological disorders. This Review summarizes key aspects of EV biology and provides a critical overview of EV biomarker research and therapeutic development in neurology.

Autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally considered to be directed against components of myelin or oligodendrocytes. However, this Perspective argues that an immune attack on the ion and water homeostasis machinery in astrocytic endfeet is the primary event in MS and that myelin damage results from astrocyte dysfunction.

Researchers have developed a CRISPR–Cas9-based epigenetic editing approach that sensitizes glioblastoma cells to standard chemotherapy drugs and could improve the treatment of tumours that have developed resistance to these drugs.

The use of bioengineered implants has provided insight into the immunological processes that underlie progression in multiple sclerosis.

A case–control study has found that lesions in a specific hippocampal circuit cause psychosis. This circuit could represent a novel therapeutic target for conditions such as schizophrenia.

A new paper presents insights from an individual who survived to an advanced age without developing dementia, despite the presence of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease and substantial amyloid pathology in the brain.

Measurements of neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein and contactin 1 in plasma can provide useful prognostic information following traumatic spinal cord injury, according to new research.

A recent article reports the successful prenatal treatment of a child with spinal muscular atrophy type 1.