Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) link obesity with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in contrast to the saturated FA (SFA) palmitic acid, the monounsaturated FA (MUFA) oleic acid elicits beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, and the dietary palmitic acid:oleic acid ratio impacts diabetes risk in humans. Here we review recent mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of oleic acid compared with palmitic acid on insulin resistance and T2DM, including its anti-inflammatory actions, and its capacity to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, prevent attenuation of the insulin signaling pathway, and improve β cell survival. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the antidiabetic effects of oleic acid may contribute to understanding the benefits of this FA in the prevention or delay of T2DM.

中文翻译：

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棕榈酸和油酸：2 型糖尿病中脂肪酸的阴阳

增加的血浆非酯化脂肪酸 (NEFA) 将肥胖与胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 联系起来。然而，与饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 棕榈酸相比，单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA) 油酸对胰岛素敏感性产生有益影响，并且膳食棕榈酸：油酸比例会影响人类患糖尿病的风险。在这里，我们回顾了油酸与棕榈酸相比对胰岛素抵抗和 T2DM 的有益作用的最新机制见解，包括其抗炎作用，以及抑制内质网 (ER) 应激的能力，防止胰岛素信号通路减弱，并提高β细胞存活率。