Background Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown. Objective To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use. Design Across trials, dietary intake was assessed by diet diaries or histories, lipids by routine biochemical methods and BP by automated monitors. Linear regression provided an estimate of the change in lipid profile or BP associated with a one portion increase in self-reported daily FV intake, with interaction terms fitted for medication use. Results The pooled sample included a total of 554 participants (308 males and 246 females). Meta-analysis of regression coefficients revealed no significant change in either systolic or diastolic BP per portion FV increase, although there was significant heterogeneity across trials for systolic BP (I2 = 73%). Neither adjusting for change in body mass index, nor analysis according to use of anti-hypertensive medication altered the relationship. There was no significant change in lipid profile per portion FV increase, although there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol among those not on lipid-lowering therapy (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). Conclusion Pooled analysis of six individual FV trials showed no impact of increasing intake on BP or lipids, but there was a total cholesterol-lowering effect in those not on lipid-lowering therapy.

中文翻译：

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增加水果和蔬菜摄入量对血压和血脂的影响：六项随机对照水果和蔬菜干预试验的汇总分析


背景 在观察性研究中，增加水果和蔬菜 (FV) 摄入量与降低心血管疾病风险相关，但随机对照试验 (RCT) 中几乎没有证据表明这一点。同步药物治疗的影响尚不清楚。目的 汇集六项随机对照试验的数据，以检验增加 FV 摄入量对血压 (BP) 和血脂的影响，并探讨影响是否因药物使用而异。设计 在整个试验中，膳食摄入量通过饮食日记或历史记录进行评估，血脂通过常规生化方法进行评估，血压通过自动监测仪进行评估。线性回归提供了对与自我报告的每日 FV 摄入量增加一部分相关的血脂或血压变化的估计，并具有适合药物使用的相互作用项。结果 合并样本共有 554 名参与者（308 名男性和 246 名女性）。回归系数的荟萃分析显示，每部分 FV 增加，收缩压或舒张压均无显着变化，尽管各试验中收缩压存在显着异质性 (I2 = 73%)。无论是根据体重指数的变化进行调整，还是根据抗高血压药物的使用进行分析，都没有改变这种关系。尽管未接受降脂治疗的患者的总胆固醇显着降低，但每增加一份 FV ，血脂状况没有显着变化（Bonferroni 校正后 P < 0.05）。结论 六项单独 FV 试验的汇总分析表明，增加摄入量对血压或血脂没有影响，但对未接受降脂治疗的患者有降低总胆固醇的作用。