Baryon Electric Charge Correlation as a Magnetometer of QCD,Physical Review Letters

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Baryon Electric Charge Correlation as a Magnetometer of QCD
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.201903
H-T Ding ₁ , J-B Gu ₁ , A Kumar ₁ , S-T Li ₁ , J-H Liu ₁

Affiliation

The correlation between net baryon number and electric charge,

χ_{11}^{BQ}

, can serve as a magnetometer of QCD. This is demonstrated by lattice QCD computations using the highly improved staggered quarks with physical pion mass of

M_{π} = 135 MeV

N_{τ} = 8

and 12 lattices. We find that

χ_{11}^{BQ}

along the transition line starts to increase rapidly with magnetic field strength

e B ≳ 2 M_{π}^{2}

and by a factor 2 at

e B ≃ 8 M_{π}^{2}

. Furthermore, the ratio of electric charge chemical potential to baryon chemical potential,

μ_{Q} / μ_{B}

, shows significant dependence on the magnetic field strength and varies from the ratio of electric charge to baryon number in the colliding nuclei in heavy ion collisions. These results can provide baselines for effective theory and model studies, and both

χ_{11}^{BQ}

and

μ_{Q} / μ_{B}

could be useful probes for the detection of magnetic fields in relativistic heavy ion collision experiments as compared with corresponding results from the hadron resonance gas model.

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