Effective nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment is crucial for environmental preservation, and recent research has focused on biofilm reactors, particularly examining the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) pathways. While these pathways show promise, challenges persist due to complex microbial interactions and process stability concerns. This study underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to maximize the potential of SND and SNAD processes, with a specific focus on the transformative role of 3D printed carriers. These carriers offer customization, tailored microenvironments, increased surface area, and superior biomass retention capabilities, presenting solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional carriers. By applying 3D printed carriers in wastewater treatment processes, the efficiency of nitrogen removal can be enhanced, leading to a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the potential of 3D printed carriers in addressing challenges associated with SND and SNAD, highlighting their significance in the evolving landscape of wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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通过3D打印载体增强同步硝化反硝化（SND）和同步硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化（SNAD）：洞察关键因素、功能微生物和潜在解决方案

废水处理中的有效脱氮对于环境保护至关重要，最近的研究主要集中在生物膜反应器上，特别是研究同时硝化和反硝化（SND）以及同时部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化（SNAD）途径。虽然这些途径显示出希望，但由于复杂的微生物相互作用和工艺稳定性问题，挑战仍然存在。这项研究强调了应对这些挑战以最大限度地发挥 SND 和 SNAD 工艺潜力的重要性，特别关注 3D 打印载体的变革作用。这些载体提供定制、定制的微环境、增加的表面积和卓越的生物质保留能力，提供了克服传统载体局限性的解决方案。通过在废水处理过程中应用3D打印载体，可以提高脱氮效率，从而实现可持续且环保的方法。本综述对 3D 打印载体在解决 SND 和 SNAD 相关挑战方面的潜力提供了全面的视角，强调了它们在不断发展的废水处理领域的重要性。