Background

There are a myriad of exercise variations in which upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) exercises have been intermittently used. However, it is still unclear how training of one body region (e.g. LB) affects adaptations in distant body areas (e.g. UB), and how different UB and LB exercise configurations could help facilitate physiological adaptations of either region; both referred to in this review as vertical strength transfer.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the existence of the vertical strength transfer phenomenon as a response to various UB and LB exercise configurations and to identify potential mechanisms underpinning its occurrence.

Methods

A systematic search using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for Scoping Reviews protocol was conducted in February 2024 using four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL) to identify peer-reviewed articles that investigated the vertical strength transfer phenomenon.

Results

Of the 5242 identified articles, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that the addition of UB strength training to LB endurance exercise may help preserve power-generating capacity for the leg muscle fibres. Furthermore, systemic endocrine responses to high-volume resistance exercise may beneficially modulate adaptations in precedingly or subsequently trained muscles from a different body region, augmenting their strength gains. Last, strength training for LB could result in improved strength of untrained UB, likely due to the increased central neural drive.

Conclusions

Vertical strength transfer existence is enabled by neurophysiological mechanisms. Future research should involve athletic populations, examining the potential of vertical strength transfer to facilitate athletic performance and preserve strength in injured extremities.

中文翻译：

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上半身和下半身运动之间的垂直力量转移现象：系统范围界定审查

背景

有无数的锻炼变化，其中间歇性地使用上半身（UB）和下半身（LB）锻炼。然而，目前尚不清楚一个身体区域（例如LB）的训练如何影响远处身体区域（例如UB）的适应，以及不同的UB和LB运动配置如何帮助促进任一区域的生理适应；两者在这篇评论中都被称为垂直强度转移。

客观的

我们的目的是调查垂直力量转移现象的存在作为对各种 UB 和 LB 运动配置的响应，并确定支撑其发生的潜在机制。

方法

2024 年 2 月，使用四个数据库（Web of Science、MEDLINE、Scopus 和 CINAHL）使用 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）进行了范围界定评价协议的系统检索，以识别调查该研究的同行评审文章。垂直强度传递现象。

结果

在 5242 篇已确定的文章中，24 项研究符合纳入标准。研究结果表明，在 LB 耐力训练中加入 UB 力量训练可能有助于保持腿部肌肉纤维的发电能力。此外，对大容量抗阻运动的全身内分泌反应可能有益地调节来自不同身体区域的先前或随后训练的肌肉的适应，增强它们的力量增益。最后，LB 的力量训练可能会提高未经训练的 UB 的力量，这可能是由于中枢神经驱动力的增强。

结论

垂直力量转移的存在是由神经生理机制实现的。未来的研究应该涉及运动人群，研究垂直力量转移的潜力，以促进运动表现并保持受伤四肢的力量。