Surveillance of health-related physical fitness can improve decision-making and intervention strategies promoting health for children and adolescents. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness globally. This review sought to address this gap by identifying: (1) national-level surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness among children and adolescents globally, (2) the main barriers and challenges to implementing surveillance/monitoring systems, and (3) governmental actions related to existing surveillance/monitoring systems. We used a scoping review to search, obtain, group, summarize, and analyze available evidence. Our review involved three stages: (1) identification of surveillance systems through a systematic literature review, with complementary search of the grey literature (e.g., reference lists, Google Scholar, webpages, recommendations), (2) systematic consultation with relevant experts using a Delphi method to confirm/add systems and to gather and analyze information on the barriers and challenges to implementing systems, and (3) Web searches for public documents on government sites and surveillance/monitoring system pages, and direct internet searches to identify relevant governmental actions related to surveillance systems. A total of 15 fitness surveillance/monitoring systems met our inclusion criteria. Experts identified a lack of government support and funding, and the low priority of fitness on the public health agenda as the main barriers/challenges to implementation. Several governmental actions related to surveillance systems were identified, including policies, strategies, programs, and guidelines. We propose a Global Observatory of Physical Fitness to help address these issues.

与健康相关的体能监测可以改善促进儿童和青少年健康的决策和干预策略。然而，还没有研究全面分析全球身体健康的监测/监测系统。本次审查旨在通过确定以下方面来弥补这一差距：(1) 全球儿童和青少年身体健康的国家级监测/监测系统，(2) 实施监测/监测系统的主要障碍和挑战，以及 (3) 政府行动与现有的监视/监控系统相关。我们使用范围界定审查来搜索、获取、分组、总结和分析现有证据。我们的审查涉及三个阶段：（1）通过系统文献综述识别监测系统，并补充灰色文献搜索（例如参考文献列表、谷歌学术搜索、网页、建议），（2）使用德尔菲法确认/添加系统并收集和分析有关实施系统的障碍和挑战的信息，以及（3）网络搜索政府网站和监视/监测系统页面上的公共文件，并直接互联网搜索以识别相关政府行为与监控系统有关。共有 15 个健身监测/监测系统符合我们的纳入标准。专家们认为，缺乏政府支持和资金以及公共卫生议程中健身的优先级较低是实施的主要障碍/挑战。确定了与监测系统相关的几项政府行动，包括政策、战略、计划和指南。我们提议建立全球体能观察站来帮助解决这些问题。