Environmental challenges, encompassing issues like agricultural ammonia discharge, industrial organic dye misuse, and high environmental polluted water evaporation, demanded urgent attention. In response, we proposed a method for synthesizing TiO-CuO hetero-nanoparticles capable of different environmental protection commands. Submerged Photosynthesis of Crystallites (SPSC) was adopted due to its simplicity and eco-friendliness. Hetero-nanoparticles with varying Cu-Ti ratios were prepared, characterized, and assessed. CuO dispersion within TiO proved consistently even. Increasing Cu content increased Cu-Ti ratio until reaching an upper limit. All nanoparticle samples demonstrated excellent solar light absorption. Combining solar illumination and electrochemical techniques synergistically boosted pollutant degradation. The nanoparticle with a Cu-Ti ratio of 0.17 exhibited optimal photo-electrochemical degradation, enhancing efficiency by 150% under solar light compared to darkness. It also outperformed solar light alone by 32% and electrochemistry alone by 2% in RhB degradation. Furthermore, it enhanced water evaporation rate under solar light. The nanoparticle with a Cu-Ti ratio of 0.52 was the highest water evaporation rate, increasing up to 104% compared to the control group. We discussed the mechanisms underlying fabrication and degradation, elucidating the observed performance. In conclusion, our research underscored the potential of TiO-CuO hetero-nanoparticles for solar-assisted solutions to different environmental issues, highlighting their environmental applicability.

中文翻译：

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TiO2-CuO异质纳米粒子的水下光合作用及其在太阳光下水问题上的多种应用

农业氨排放、工业有机染料滥用、环境污染水蒸发量大等环境挑战亟待关注。为此，我们提出了一种合成能够满足不同环保要求的 TiO-CuO 异质纳米粒子的方法。微晶浸没光合作用（SPSC）因其简单且环保而被采用。制备、表征和评估了具有不同 Cu-Ti 比例的异质纳米粒子。事实证明，CuO 在 TiO 中的分散始终是均匀的。增加Cu含量会增加Cu-Ti比直至达到上限。所有纳米粒子样品均表现出优异的太阳光吸收能力。结合太阳能照明和电化学技术可协同促进污染物降解。 Cu-Ti 比为 0.17 的纳米颗粒表现出最佳的光电化学降解能力，与黑暗相比，在太阳光下效率提高了 150%。在 RhB 降解方面，它比单独使用太阳光的效果好 32%，比单独使用电化学的效果好 2%。此外，它还提高了太阳光下水的蒸发率。 Cu-Ti比为0.52的纳米颗粒的水分蒸发率最高，与对照组相比增加了104%。我们讨论了制造和降解的机制，阐明了观察到的性能。总之，我们的研究强调了 TiO-CuO 异质纳米颗粒在太阳能辅助解决不同环境问题方面的潜力，强调了它们的环境适用性。