This paper introduces an innovative approach that combines Net Zero Energy (NZE), Net Zero Carbon (NZC), and Regenerative principles, redefining sustainable architecture in Iran. Focusing on a residential "attached house," the study employed strategies like thermal insulation, Low-E glass, shading, and renewable energy sources. Results show a 45 % improvement in thermal performance, reducing heating gas usage by over 42 % and electricity usage by 8 %. With shading, heating and cooling demands decreased by 51.7 % and 12.55 %, respectively. Swapping conventional walls for a thermal mass system led to a 74 % reduction in heating gas and a 17.2 % cut in cooling electricity. Additionally, PV systems supply up to 90 % of electricity needs. Environmental assessments revealed that the RM4 building achieved a 20 % reduction in environmental impacts, which increased to 65 % with PV systems and Solar Water heaters. All measures reduced the building's carbon offset by over 90 %, while greywater recycling and rainwater harvesting reduced water consumption emissions by 74 %. Using recycled materials, the Zero Carbon Buildings (ZCBs) model achieved a 68 % reduction in carbon emissions compared to the baseline and 27 % compared to the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) model, with a 67 % higher circularity.

中文翻译：

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协调净零能源、碳中和和再生概念：可持续建筑实践的典范研究

本文介绍了一种结合净零能源（NZE）、净零碳（NZC）和再生原理的创新方法，重新定义了伊朗的可持续建筑。该研究以住宅“连体住宅”为重点，采用了隔热、低辐射玻璃、遮阳和可再生能源等策略。结果显示，热性能提高了 45%，加热气体使用量减少了 42% 以上，电力使用量减少了 8%。通过遮阳，供暖和制冷需求分别下降了 51.7% 和 12.55%。将传统墙体更换为热质量系统，加热气体减少了 74%，冷却电力减少了 17.2%。此外，光伏系统可满足高达 90% 的电力需求。环境评估显示，RM4 大楼的环境影响减少了 20%，而采用光伏系统和太阳能热水器后，环境影响增加至 65%。所有措施使建筑的碳抵消量减少了 90% 以上，而灰水回收和雨水收集则减少了 74% 的用水排放。使用回收材料，零碳建筑 (ZCB) 模型的碳排放量比基准线减少了 68%，比零能耗建筑 (ZEB) 模型减少了 27%，循环度提高了 67%。