Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used insecticide that has demonstrated developmental toxicity in the early life stages of fish. To better characterize the underlying mechanisms, embryos from Tg(cmlc2:RFP), Tg(apo14:GFP), and Tg(mpx:GFP) transgenic strains of zebrafish were exposed to nominal DM concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 25, and 50 μg/L until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart size increased 56.7%, and liver size was reduced by 17.1% in zebrafish exposed to 22.7 and 24.2 μg/L DM, respectively. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses predicted that key biological processes affected by DM exposure were related to inflammatory responses. Expression of IL-1 protein was increased by 69.0% in the 24.4 μg/L DM treatment, and aggregation of neutrophils in cardiac and hepatic histologic sections was also observed. Coexposure to resatorvid, an anti-inflammatory agent, mitigated inflammatory responses and cardiac toxicity induced by DM and also restored liver biomass. Our data indicated a complex proinflammatory mechanism underlying DM-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity which may be important for key events of adverse outcomes and associated risks of DM to early life stages of fish.

中文翻译：

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免疫反应对溴氰菊酯在生命早期阶段斑马鱼（Danio rerio）心脏毒性和肝毒性的影响

溴氰菊酯 (DM) 是一种广泛使用的杀虫剂，已在鱼类生命的早期阶段表现出发育毒性。为了更好地表征潜在机制，将斑马鱼 Tg(cmlc2:RFP)、Tg(apo14:GFP) 和 Tg(mpx:GFP) 转基因品系的胚胎暴露于标称 DM 浓度 0.1、1、10、25 和50 μg/L 直至受精后 120 小时 (hpf)。暴露于 22.7 μg/L 和 24.2 μg/L DM 的斑马鱼心脏尺寸增加了 56.7%，肝脏尺寸减小了 17.1%。 RNA 测序和生物信息学分析预测，受 DM 暴露影响的关键生物过程与炎症反应有关。 24.4 μg/L DM处理后IL-1蛋白表达增加69.0%，心脏和肝脏组织切片中也观察到中性粒细胞聚集。与抗炎药 resatorvid 共同暴露可减轻 DM 引起的炎症反应和心脏毒性，并恢复肝脏生物量。我们的数据表明，DM 诱导的心脏毒性和肝毒性背后存在复杂的促炎机制，这对于鱼类早期生命阶段的不良后果和相关风险的关键事件可能很重要。