Ubiquitous environmental exposures increase cardiovascular disease risk via diverse mechanisms. This review examines personal strategies to minimize this risk. With regard to fine particulate air pollution exposure, evidence exists to recommend the use of portable air cleaners and avoidance of outdoor activity during periods of poor air quality. Other evidence may support physical activity, dietary modification, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, and indoor and in-vehicle air conditioning as viable strategies to minimize adverse health effects. There is currently insufficient data to recommend specific personal approaches to reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of noise pollution. Public health advisories for periods of extreme heat or cold should be observed, with limited evidence supporting a warm ambient home temperature and physical activity as strategies to limit the cardiovascular harms of temperature extremes. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure can be reduced by avoiding contact with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance–containing materials; blood or plasma donation and cholestyramine may reduce total body stores of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. However, the cardiovascular impact of these interventions has not been examined. Limited utilization of pesticides and safe handling during use should be encouraged. Finally, vasculotoxic metal exposure can be decreased by using portable air cleaners, home water filtration, and awareness of potential contaminants in ground spices. Chelation therapy reduces physiological stores of vasculotoxic metals and may be effective for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

中文翻译：

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减少环境暴露对心血管影响的个人策略

无处不在的环境暴露通过多种机制增加心血管疾病的风险。本次审查探讨了尽量减少这种风险的个人策略。关于细颗粒空气污染暴露，有证据表明建议使用便携式空气净化器并在空气质量较差期间避免户外活动。其他证据可能支持体育活动、饮食调整、补充 omega-3 脂肪酸以及室内和车内空调作为尽量减少不利健康影响的可行策略。目前没有足够的数据来推荐具体的个人方法来减少噪音污染对心血管的不利影响。应遵守针对极热或极冷时期的公共卫生建议，有限的证据支持温暖的家庭环境温度和体育活动作为限制极端温度对心血管危害的策略。通过避免接触含全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的材料，可以减少全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的暴露；捐献血液或血浆以及考来烯胺可能会减少全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的体内总储存量。然而，这些干预措施对心血管的影响尚未得到研究。应鼓励限制农药的使用并在使用过程中进行安全处理。最后，通过使用便携式空气净化器、家庭水过滤以及了解研磨香料中的潜在污染物，可以减少血管毒性金属的暴露。螯合疗法可减少血管毒性金属的生理储存，可能对心血管疾病的二级预防有效。