Organized sexualized and ritual abuse (ORA), a contentious issue since the 1980s, remains a polarizing topic. Although there is much debate about the existence of this phenomenon, a differentiated perspective is lacking, and no representative study has yet addressed the frequency. This paper aims to investigate the frequency of ORA in Germany using two representative datasets. Data were collected from representative samples of the German population ( = 2522, = 2515). Participants aged 16 to 96 years (50 and 53 % female) were recruited. They were selected by a random route procedure and asked to fill out a paper-pencil-questionnaire. The four aspects of ORA (severe sexual violence, perpetrator networks, commercial exploitation, ideology) were assessed based on the definition provided by an expert group. Additionally, in the second survey, a direct yes/no question about the experience of ORA as well as details on perpetrators and offense characteristics were surveyed. Frequency of ORA was low. The direct question on ORA was affirmed by 0.5 % ( = 13), while according to the criteria of the definition, only 0.2 % or less of individuals experienced organized sexualized abuse, and <0.1 % experienced ritual abuse. Although ORA is discussed thoroughly, frequencies in the German population are low. This may be due to inconsistent terminology and operationalization of definitions with lack of precision. However, an intersection of conspiracy beliefs and the topic of ritual violence sheds another light on this issue that should receive more attention.

中文翻译：

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有组织的性暴力和仪式暴力：两个具有代表性的德国样本的结果

有组织的性虐待和仪式性虐待 (ORA) 自 20 世纪 80 年代以来一直是一个颇具争议的问题，目前仍然是一个两极分化的话题。尽管对于这种现象的存在存在很多争论，但缺乏差异化的观点，并且尚未有代表性的研究解决其频率。本文旨在使用两个代表性数据集调查德国 ORA 的频率。数据收集自德国人口的代表性样本 (= 2522, = 2515)。招募了年龄在 16 岁至 96 岁之间的参与者（其中 50% 和 53% 为女性）。他们是通过随机途径选择的，并被要求填写一份纸笔问卷。根据专家组提供的定义，对 ORA 的四个方面（严重性暴力、施暴者网络、商业剥削、意识形态）进行了评估。此外，在第二次调查中，还调查了有关 ORA 经历的直接是/否问题以及犯罪者和犯罪特征的详细信息。 ORA 发生频率较低。关于 ORA 的直接问题得到了 0.5%（=13）的肯定，而根据定义的标准，只有 0.2% 或更少的人经历过有组织的性虐待，<0.1% 的人经历过仪式性虐待。尽管 ORA 已被深入讨论，但在德国人群中的发生率很低。这可能是由于术语不一致和定义的操作化缺乏精确性造成的。然而，阴谋信仰和仪式暴力主题的交叉为这个问题提供了另一个线索，应该受到更多关注。