Visual stimuli are known to vary in their perceived duration. Some visual stimuli are also known to linger for longer in memory. Yet, whether these two features of visual processing are linked is unknown. Despite early assumptions that time is an extracted or higher-order feature of perception, more recent work over the past two decades has demonstrated that timing may be instantiated within sensory modality circuits. A primary location for many of these studies is the visual system, where duration-sensitive responses have been demonstrated. Furthermore, visual stimulus features have been observed to shift perceived duration. These findings suggest that visual circuits mediate or construct perceived time. Here we present evidence across a series of experiments that perceived time is affected by the image properties of scene size, clutter and memorability. More specifically, we observe that scene size and memorability dilate time, whereas clutter contracts it. Furthermore, the durations of more memorable images are also perceived more precisely. Conversely, the longer the perceived duration of an image, the more memorable it is. To explain these findings, we applied a recurrent convolutional neural network model of the ventral visual system, in which images are progressively processed over time. We find that more memorable images are processed faster, and that this increase in processing speed predicts both the lengthening and the increased precision of perceived durations. These findings provide evidence for a link between image features, time perception and memory that can be further explored with models of visual processing.

众所周知，视觉刺激的感知持续时间会有所不同。众所周知，一些视觉刺激会在记忆中停留更长时间。然而，视觉处理的这两个特征是否相关尚不清楚。尽管早期假设时间是感知的提取或高阶特征，但过去二十年的最新研究表明，时间可以在感觉模态回路中实例化。许多此类研究的主要位置是视觉系统，其中已证明了持续时间敏感的反应。此外，已观察到视觉刺激特征会改变感知持续时间。这些发现表明视觉回路调节或构建感知时间。在这里，我们通过一系列实验提供证据，证明感知时间受到场景大小、杂乱度和记忆性等图像属性的影响。更具体地说，我们观察到场景大小和可记忆性会延长时间，而杂乱则会缩短时间。此外，更难忘的图像的持续时间也能被更准确地感知。相反，图像的感知持续时间越长，它就越令人难忘。为了解释这些发现，我们应用了腹侧视觉系统的循环卷积神经网络模型，其中图像随着时间的推移逐步处理。我们发现，更令人难忘的图像处理速度更快，并且处理速度的提高预示着感知持续时间的延长和精度的提高。这些发现为图像特征、时间感知和记忆之间的联系提供了证据，可以通过视觉处理模型进一步探索这些联系。