Precise regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation is vital for organ morphology. Rice palea, serving as sepal, comprises two distinct regions: the marginal region (MRP) and body of palea (BOP), housing heterogeneous cell populations, which makes it an ideal system for studying organ morphogenesis. We report that the transcription factor (TF) promotes epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation in the BOP, resulting in hard silicified protrusion cells, by regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase gene, . Conversely, TFs and are expressed exclusively in the MRP, where they limit cell division rates by inhibiting expression and promote endoreduplication, yielding elongated epidermal cells. Furthermore, reciprocal inhibition between the OsMADS6-OsMADS32 complex and REP1 fine-tunes the balance between cell division and differentiation during palea morphogenesis. We further show the functional conservation of these organ identity genes in heterogeneous cell growth in Arabidopsis, emphasizing a critical framework for controlling cellular heterogeneity in organ morphogenesis.

中文翻译：

---

OsMADS6-OsMADS32 和 REP1 控制水稻内稃细胞异质性和形态建成

细胞增殖和分化的精确调节对于器官形态至关重要。水稻内稃作为萼片，由两个不同的区域组成：边缘区（MRP）和内稃体（BOP），容纳异质细胞群，这使其成为研究器官形态发生的理想系统。我们报道转录因子 (TF) 通过调节细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶基因，促进 BOP 中的表皮细胞增殖和分化，从而产生硬硅化突起细胞。相反，TF 和 TF 只在 MRP 中表达，它们通过抑制表达来限制细胞分裂速率并促进核内复制，从而产生拉长的表皮细胞。此外，OsMADS6-OsMADS32 复合物和 REP1 之间的相互抑制可以微调内稷形态发生过程中细胞分裂和分化之间的平衡。我们进一步展示了这些器官识别基因在拟南芥异质细胞生长中的功能保守性，强调了控制器官形态发生中细胞异质性的关键框架。