While disgust originates in the hard-wired mammalian distaste response, the conscious experience of disgust in humans strongly depends on subjective appraisal and may even extend to socio-moral contexts. Here, in a series of studies, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with machine-learning-based predictive modelling to establish a comprehensive neurobiological model of subjective disgust. The developed neurofunctional signature accurately predicted momentary self-reported subjective disgust across discovery (n = 78) and pre-registered validation (n = 30) cohorts and generalized across core disgust (n = 34 and n = 26), gustatory distaste (n = 30) and socio-moral (unfair offers; n = 43) contexts. Disgust experience was encoded in distributed cortical and subcortical systems, and exhibited distinct and shared neural representations with subjective fear or negative affect in interoceptive-emotional awareness and conscious appraisal systems, while the signatures most accurately predicted the respective target experience. We provide an accurate functional magnetic resonance imaging signature for disgust with a high potential to resolve ongoing evolutionary debates.

虽然厌恶起源于哺乳动物固有的厌恶反应，但人类的厌恶意识体验在很大程度上取决于主观评价，甚至可能延伸到社会道德背景。在此，在一系列研究中，我们将功能磁共振成像与基于机器学习的预测模型相结合，建立了主观厌恶的综合神经生物学模型。开发的神经功能特征准确地预测了发现组 ( n  = 78) 和预先注册验证组 ( n  = 30) 中瞬时自我报告的主观厌恶，并概括了核心厌恶 ( n  = 34 和n  = 26)、味觉厌恶 ( n  = 30) 和社会道德（不公平提议；n  = 43）背景。厌恶体验被编码在分布式皮层和皮层下系统中，并在内感受情绪意识和意识评估系统中表现出具有主观恐惧或负面影响的独特且共享的神经表征，而签名最准确地预测了各自的目标体验。我们提供了准确的厌恶功能磁共振成像特征，很有可能解决正在进行的进化争论。