This paper advances knowledge of human behavioural and adaptational strategies in coastal areas related to acquiring, producing and distributing ornaments, specifically, the omnipresent marine gastropod By applying quantitative and qualitative approaches to the most extensive collection of shells in the Eastern Adriatic region discovered in the Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic levels of Vlakno cave in Croatia, we have determined the complete step-by-step life cycle of this bead type in particular, where and how shells were collected, produced, used, distributed and discarded. By integrating different methodologies, our data revealed changes in the collection strategies, reduction of the shell size during the Mesolithic period, and standardisation and continuity in production techniques. Detailed analyses of broken shells in the archaeological assemblage identified the presence of technological traces resulting from processing mistakes, supporting our hypothesis of on-site production. A significant share of used and unused standardised beads points that bead production at this site was for personal use but also likely for the exchange and distribution systems. Standardised, systematic and long-lasting activity related to the ornaments places Vlakno cave as one of the leading centres for maintaining regional exchange and communication networks in the Eastern Adriatic region during significant climatic and environmental changes happening in this region in the Late Pleniglacial and the early Holocene. Detecting on-site activities related to the ornaments in Vlakno cave has extended our understanding of how symbolic motives influenced the settlement model of the Late Pleniglacial and Early Holocene hunter-gatherers in Eastern Adriatic region and overall contributed to fundamental questions about the complexity of ancient human societies' adaptation strategies.

中文翻译：

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不断变化的环境中的史前装饰品。对克罗地亚弗拉克诺洞穴旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代 Columbella rustica 贝壳的综合研究

本文通过对东亚得里亚海地区发现的最广泛的贝壳集合应用定量和定性方法，增进了对沿海地区与获取、生产和分配装饰品有关的人类行为和适应策略的了解，特别是无所不在的海洋腹足动物。在克罗地亚弗拉克诺洞穴的旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代，我们已经确定了这种珠子的完整的逐步生命周期，特别是贝壳的收集、生产、使用、分发和丢弃的地点和方式。通过整合不同的方法，我们的数据揭示了收集策略的变化、中石器时代贝壳尺寸的减小以及生产技术的标准化和连续性。对考古组合中破碎贝壳的详细分析发现了由于加工错误而产生的技术痕迹，支持了我们对现场生产的假设。大量已用和未使用的标准化珠子表明，该地点的珠子生产仅供个人使用，但也可能用于交换和分配系统。与装饰品相关的标准化、系统性和持久的活动使弗拉克诺洞穴成为东亚得里亚海地区在晚冰期和早冰期发生重大气候和环境变化期间维持区域交流和通讯网络的主要中心之一。全新世。检测与 Vlakno 洞穴装饰品相关的现场活动扩展了我们对象征性动机如何影响东亚得里亚海地区晚普莱尼冰川和早期全新世狩猎采集者的定居模式的理解，并总体上有助于解决有关古代人类复杂性的基本问题社会的适应战略。